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Ȩƣûǰ;ԣڳдܵż˭ϽԼŮүأȻǲԸ鲻Ը⣬ּ򲻸ҵġѡھˡ



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ҪʲôģҲŲҪZᰴĳСź
Z᰸磬ôˣСſξ٭Z᰾Ȼޣ첻µزµžȻޡ
ʲôﲻӦĵطһǳһͯԸֵ֮һȥСŲСкӣξٷǻʵ۵ĳͬ꣬Ϊĸ׵ܳ裬ڹеĵλҲ൱ߡξٷ߰شǰˣȻһҰӣҲֻҰӲܸΪˡ
ξٷĿǰˣСŷ֣ڵԼľ͸һҰһֳתߵξ٭Zᰣɫѿˡ
ι˵ʲôҲ׼۸ѡСŵڭZǰͼ
óξٷһ˵һˣʲô
ιĳСС̫ôĵӣȻҶξٷϹŮվ˳־Сһơ
Сһ־ͽϹŮˤڵءȻǰȥǸӡ
ˣʲôŵֽξٷʱZץסֻ֡
Ұӣ㻹˰ֹҪ߸ʣξٷĶ㵽СŮ󣬽㣬ӣҪץ
˵ʲôСŻġ
˵ס֣ZȻ
Сһʱ䣬ξٷҲǼ
ܿ죬ξٷӦۡҰСҪҡȻΧǺܿͿʼξٷξ٭ZһĹŮݺݵǡһ­Zᰵĸ첲⧲ĭZᰳʹһСüͷһ壬־͸ǸŮһȭһӾͰڵءĹŮǼ״׺ݵΧξ٭ZһԣȴסСţСҪ֣ȴԼһ᲻
Ƕڸʲô˳ֵͬʱξٳеµĴӣξ壬ξѾ15ˣӢ䡣ĸǵʺ
磬ξٷõƵأܿͶ㵽ξ󣬡Ҫңȥ߸ʰɡ
ʺæܵĻҪȥξת˵̫ˣʹӣûǴѻصԼĭZԷ棬Ҿ͵ûпҲ׷ˡ𣿡
ʲô˰۸ǵģΪʲôҪZ᰸磿СŲ絽
ǣ֣ҲС˵Ļᣬξ٭Z᰾ž뿪ˣһԲĳZԷȥ
磬۸ң㲻ܾôˡۿ˾ҪˣСץסξξ٭ZԶˣξɫ
磬ǶԶˣξٷξĸ첲żĻš
Լ޹ȥξֳ֣ߵ̫ԸղŶֵĹŮȫ䵽ϴ·ӻһ๬Ů֪𣿡
֮ҲξٷĿ֣ˡ
ξ٭Zߵ˹Ÿɿ֡ǰջһЩǻҵʦġ
˵ҪߣСżæĺ档ZߣZͣҲͣ¡
Ҫң㻹ûгԹͷ𣿡ξ٭Zв
㷢ˣʵ֪㲻ǹģ÷ŵϡСЦа
ʲô
֪ʵҪҳҵġһǱϵŶ飬Ȼ󻹱ǸԺĶ԰ɣʵһֱʲôģкöˣһ˲ߣȻˣ㿴ҺԣʹҵߣԲԣ
ԭһֱôáҼıȫǹģ㣬ԹȥЩ㶪ˣ˵ĵطȻҲңŲҪʲôѡ֪ҪǸú˵ĵ£ҲӦ㣡
ԽԽģѵΪ𣿡Сһίı顣
ˣΪҷˣ˵ĻԽԽ࣬ܲȥˡ
ƭҡ
ǰ˰ɡ
СŴûôҹԽԽԼһɵϣһʱߣξ٭Zᰶû뵽ǰȥôľӶȴ˿죬쵽ûüӦͱڵءСŴӵ˭Zһۣܵˡ
ξ٭Z᰿ԶСţͻȻͿˡǿĲϵˮһ˻ȥˡ
ڶ죬ξ٭Z鷿Ҹĵɶ鹢ڻӦû취ٴСӹ˰ɡ˼һԼҸǰ󡣡
Լʱ䣬Ҹˡ
Zᰣ˼Сһﲻ֪ܵйȥˣŪˣġûԼ
ãҽšһСкҸվ
ξ٭Z᰺ʱȷܳԾҲܸˡ
ãҽξ٭Zᰡ
ǺǣˣС໥Ϥһ£ȥϣһ¡Ҹ˵ȳȥˡ
һεĳĬ֮Сȿˣԭǻʵ۵Ķӣһôҵأ
Z᰹ʾĮ˵һΪ㲻ˣ㲻𣿡
ҵȻ㣬Ҷûбұ֮ҾͲҪˡ
ô
СŰںüƣɣһʱ⣬Ҳˡ
Ŷִ򲻹ң
˭˵ģ죬ְɣ
ҲŲҪѿġ
ϻ˵͹˹ȥ
ξ٭ZɵĶ㿪СŵĽ
ְ
㱾ඣ
վס

Ҹһʵˣ˺ܶԤ벻ġΪξ٭ZᰣŻѧԣʵϣǱ䱾ˡֶԽԽ߳ˡһȥһЩŮ̫࣬ЩܣʱȥڣҸʶԼһôҪĴΪҸ˺һӣΪԼٵһĶӡȻZǱĲɳڣ书Ҳ൱ߡ
Ҫ֪ʵǸһֱξ٭Zᰣ̻ķԼĶӣ֪ʲôˡ

治ģô꣬һֱΪʲôһ֪ʲôﱧԹšΪ˷ֹZ֮󼪣һûкۣ˳ĽZᰴʹΪ˻ʹ´ˣΪڿԿZ᰷ıˣû뵽ֻ͹㳡ϵŮһ˲䣨ֻһ˲ѣξ٭Zʧˡ
ι㵽û˵ʲôҸĵĽе
ǣǣˡϵҲһˣҪôǲ˲ݣZᰵ̵ĺð
㣬㡭
ţ˵ٱ鲻ҪΪʲôǸĲأ൱ɵ



ڶ ѡ粨1
ξ٭ZϹź޺Цݣſɾŭˡ
ǺǣZ˰Цģ˭óЦ龭ˡһתѸٵZᰵ磬ȥֻǵһģĶһС
Z΢Цɶһ¼΢ڼͷУеȥżˣѸٻӳȭСȥ
Ҫ⣬ȸʦǸ˵ֽӹȭͷ˳ƽŤסһתҸַסŵļ磬ȥ
Ա߿ȥһڽԼĵܵ׵ǸҸֿ˻ԼŴZǶôȷǺ˰ۣղŻԼһúأ
ɵЦҸξ٭Z᰷ſţк
ʦξ٭Z᰷ǳŵҸ΢΢Ϲ
ZᰰҸǳĿȻڵʹڳı飬ZᰰҲ̫˰ɣڲų֣
ǱǸˣһ绹û˯ѾͱŶΪӰݣԾȥһû뵽Ȼ˯ͷˣ̫Ǹˡξ٭Zһεı飬ƺ޵ˮʮֲġ
ãõģ㸸һ͵ģҲûʲôӰ졣ҸһĵˣٲȥҪˡ
ţʦȥҸС͵
ţ׼ߡȥ׼ѡʼ˵Ҹϱȥˡ
ǶģȻŶС̫ǸˡθУ漣Ż״
ȷʵǲһ£ϵֵ÷ɧˣ𣿡Zϵ΢Цɣڿȥȫһħˡ
۸һҵ𣿡ʸ˵𣿣
ҿǺģǰðɣ
źǵûнӲ磬һָ֮Ŵ˵ҲǵģŽôŮܣ㿴˶ߵĲ˰
ξ٭Z΢̽һ֮󣬡ŶԤҪ֪ٳһˡЩСǿõģ鷳ĺܣʱ˦˦
İ˭ǵĶһƤңȻЩѾͷҲԻȥˡŴ˵
Ŷ۰ȫˡɲȫѾͷŶһĴСأξ٭ZζĿһŮ˵
ģһ
ӻһ㳤ûеģ߰ɣ֪ˡ˵Z᰾ȥҲں汧ԹŸˡ
ξ٭ZԣһȺѾߵУһǧС㡣ɫȹǶƵ£ŶʧϿ°ɣڵĹ촽ֱͦСɵıӣ۾ĴСУ˫ƤһҶü忴ȥʮʣгһźܱ׼ټһȳƵģС̬һϵȵˣȻǼƷȻֻһ۾üŮξ٭Z᰼סȴй֮
Ů۾̫̫峺峺һ͸ȫûã峺ξ٭Zۡ
ʲôӣһúÿĻӰˣҪǮ˭㣬ȻףñСôʱ䡣ţեҾͲĪϧвУ֮ܲ㲻ûҡȻٵôãӦһ൱ԵļһӦúܺöԸߺߣô˵һүķչӦúкôİɡʱܷҪȴùϵСǻǺܻҪʱ㶼һ׳үö֪ͶһˣʵѾ˺ܶˣɶ񣬽һҪ˷ݵͣ˵λĪϧС˷ָԼ˷ݣҪǰŮӵ˾Ļ˷ݵġĪϧСѾʱˣȫûͣЪĴ㡣̾ΪֹǣλСһֱ΢Ц˿δ䡣ԱߵѾ߶ޱȳݣǼҵѾߣôѵأٿԼǣվվȣӲҪ˵Цˡ
δʱ̣һ̫ˡ̫ѾƫҪɽˡ
ڼɤ̵ĪϧһͷΡڿʼˡ
ʣµʮŮ߽簡ղŻѾߣտһżͳһһǧСˡ
ĪϧԲ˽ǰ״һһȷߵ֮󣬡ǲ̫ˣһǵģڵ˻ǸղЩˡһģǺǡ
Īϧɵɵı飬ξ٭Z᰺ܺ棬ɵɵŮǸղŵǸ𣿻᲻ῴˣ
Ȼ̫ѡʼλСϣʺѾԼĹг𣬲ٹЩˡˣɻϵĳڹˣѾʵϵĻʺˡ
ղŻɵЦŮһѾ¶˳΢Цָ˸ղŵ͸
֮Ůأǰ
Ůزμϣϣ򸣡һλŷۺȹŮǰַ䣬ҾĿϺĵ˵ͷȻתξ٭Zᰵķٰݣμƽүǧꡣ
ͷ̧ñӡξ٭Z
ǡ⸻дԵһ֮صң̧ͷԺ󣬶ξ٭ZȻĿ⣬ʶҪ۹ƿȴôתߣֻԼ
ˣصȥһ۾״ѿϳţǵһ˿ˮ൱ĲšСŮ
ʵεҡҡͷԼĶӣȻԼʱȻξ٭ZԽԽòʣԼҲ̫˵Щģƽնô˵СˡZԽԽˣԱˣԼ˱־һַʽ
ʵ̾һˣŮȥ̫ҽаɡ
˶еֻţ֮еˣתͷһξ٭ZᰣZƺҲоⲻĿ⣬΢΢һЦһ㶣漴ѣţˮ
ǣһֲΰ֮ǰʮСѾȥˣиһεģбZѯ˼֧֮صģ֢״ơߵԶֹЩΧĹŮѾ˺öˡ
мƣ̫СˡδϳĪϧСܵ⣬˵йߣЩŮӲǲZᰶӣǿţһ˿а˵ʵЩŮӵ־ǲСȻڵһߵµ˲䣬ĪϧöԲˣΪڶˣĪϧҡ
һ߳ʱĪϧѾöԲˡԼĶĪϧһŵģȻΪԷһĪϧһʼͿʼŲԶξ٭Z᰿ˡ
һӰƷһƷ֮һүǴСˡĪϧһϤžգһ˼档ţӦŮͨԵģҪǳȥ̸еʱ򣬴Ӧûк˵İɣټϺôҲһүȻ˵ûʲôʵȨǶоС˵Ҳ൱İɡŵҲݰҲ̫ͷ¶棬Ҫһѹ󣬿һƼҵĻҲ൱ءʲôأûȷһܻѡأ֮Ƚǰ⡣
͵Īϧξ٭Zᰵʱξ٭Z᰷Ŀ⣬˳Ŀ⿴ȥλСһһһ档
С㡣һվ˼һŮˣȻ治ɫ˿ûг־⣬ǺǣԽŮˣԽҪǡǰ˳ɡ
ôξ٭ZһӦǰŮӣһ濪ʼĪϧʼջ΢ЦĪϧʱԼֻҪ΢Ц͹ˡZעĪϧ΢΢֮еκһŮ顣
΢ЦĪϧһ˲ΪԼֻþ࿪ʼȻܿͻָ˹ʲô˼ǰ³ðɣҲôĪϧ΢һԼ񣬰ڳԼŵ΢ЦǶȣĪϧͭϵġȻĿֱӻȥ
Ŷ뷴˲𡣡ξ٭Zһʱģ⽫ƫһǶȣ۽бĪϧĸˣһ˿а¶
һشݺݵĪϧͷ Īϧ΢Цǿʼ鴤ˡ
Ϸôξ٭Z᰿ָһ˿Ử£۽һϮĪϧ
˵ʲôһ˰ɣɶ񣡣ξ٭ZᰶȡǰŮ˵Ŀ⣬˰ɣһ˿εɫԸϡĪϧѾҪˡǣʱ򣬾Բʾ治ɫǿտʼξ٭ZᰵգûȷѡѾһ̡ȻĪϧ˵ӦѾʼԼķˣãΪ˲ֱӣүʲôɽ󲿷С㣬ֻҪһ΢Цп̭һ룬ǾԲԸȢ޵ˡңλүԲһϿȥĲݰүôֱӵƷ𷴸еİɡʧˡǣҪϰòʱɹˣοֶӦöԼò൱ŰɣҪıˡ
־֮Īϧٿξ٭Zᰵǵ΢Цֱӵʼ׼ض㿪ˣͷ֮¶һ˿ɬ΢Ц֪ξ٭ZһῴŵġʱǸɴһˡ
ξ٭ZƺǿĪϧ뷨Īϧ۹⻹Լǻʱ򣬺ͷų˿ȥƺڷ⡣Īϧһֲȴ˵ıʮСһΡ
λСϳûϵȳ˭ZĪϧڻҡλС㱻ξ٭ZɢĹۿξ٭Z᰾ȥȫ˸ϵ飬ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧʱⲨλС㡣Сô۾ʧȥʶ
εҡҡͷʾ⹬Ůȥ
ʱһֱоλСװʱѾˣ
һĪ֮ŮĪϧǰΰݣܹ̫һѽӽ޵Īϧѡ



ڶ ѡ粨2
ĪϧѸ·л˸顣
Īϧһͷ£Ŀ˳ʱһŮЦݣ׼ȷŮʵǰʱûмǿͣһᣬΪľǸĸλһԼòĻᡣԼòĪϧ㹻ŵģǼƷƷ֮УصڣòͲһǡôװ磬һΡǰļС㣬ԲûϸιѾȱٿɱԡ
һ㣬һԵſȫ֤Ӹղž¿ţоλСװ磬Ϊ˰áξ٭Zᰳ̻ŲԾϲоλСװ磬ǻؼ֮ϲԼҵѾ߼Ҷϲͬװ磬ΪǻױΪҸĴһһ߳жŪ֬ţǴɷеΪŶϾӹϵˡξ٭Zᰴе⣬֤žԲڹЩ飬űסӵλáˣ˵׻ϲװҲξ٭ZᰵΣںȫξ٭ZˣҲȻİξ٭ZᰵԼģأξ٭ZνĬˡ ˾ɫģأŵǲױͷװˮ׼ԽԽɫˡ
Ŷأ֬ɫѡĺѺãʩ۵ֶҲ൱ٵҲǲˣĳĳλСڷװѡҲǸְǸұأһأԵú˷ܡ
ȻĪϧȤĲֹһˡ
ĪϧͣƬ֮ҾŮμϣϣ򸣡ĪϧĶ൱ţҲǲ൱ǵĪϧ̧ͷʱע⵽˻ʵ۵飬ʵۿĪϧ൱𾪣Ȼ֮⣬ڲڻʵĻȴһ˿ĿĪϧ
Īϧ´ңʲôʲô𣿡ǻֻһ˲飬ĪϧȻת
μƽүүǧꡣֻȡݵ飬үصĵֻͣҪͬ⣬ʵ۷Ҳûá
֮Īϧˮһս̧ͷ˲䣬ξ٭Z¶΢Цξ٭Zȴ΢Цסˡ
ʱξ٭ZᰶǰŮǳ档һŮˣȥһ顣ȻܴĻȴܺöƺǲ˽뷨ءξ٭ZᰵĵȻֹԭҪǣĪϧֵһ˲䣬ڳ˳˲ͬѰı֡һǻʵۣҸ˶¶൱𾪵ı飬֮ȴȻ෴Ҹ˷ܣģ·ǼԼʧɢŮξٳеµı˼ˣǾϲеᷳ
й£ξ٭Zĵ
㣬رأξ٭Z൱ĿĪϧЦĴůǼ䣬ڵĹŮȫֵһ롣
ŵһһﵽʲô˵ǣ˵ֻǵԵļһ˵ǸŮ˻Ȼվסֱʧȥʶɣ
⻰Īϧȫһˡһʲô˼ô𣿡űߺݺݵصξ٭Zһۣȴûһ˿
лү佱Ȼ໹һ㲻ӦĪϧĴȫûгٶۡ
Ŷξ٭Zᰲݸʵξ٭Z˵仰ԭΪ˽һξٳеºҸķӦȴû뵽ջξ٭Z᰸ղһֱڹ۲˵ķӦϣҸȻʮϲξٳеҲûʧüͷƺ൱⣬ξ٭Z᰾һ̼һ¡ι˵㣬ԸԸ⣬ҵأ
˺ξ٭Z᰺ջ仰Ч
ʲʲôɣô򵥣һﵽҪ˵һЩʲôʲôͼĪϧҴģемܲסˣŬҪ˼һ飬ԽԽҡҵ͸۾¶һȻƽ˼ֿɰξ٭ZᰶλС㲻һ˿Ȥ
ʱܾȵ͵͵ﵽξ٭Zᰵߣһ˳ӣ죬˵ξ٭ZƳһ֮󣬺ʶȤĲȥֻ͵ˡ
ߣZᰣʵ۸ɿһξ٭Zᰵעݵúԣѡѡһ룬¶ԣнһλûпأʱˣϿ컻һɡ
ξ٭Z΢Цһ£ʵۣʣ룬ɲˡһλɣͷˡң֮£ŮԸѡĻѡ߾ݶֻһλѣҶһλ൱⣬Զ븸ͬ⡣
Zᰣעݣ֮ɺʲôŮԸΪһɺԣ䣬֮Եɸĸ֮ý֮ԡΪһӣŵ½δ֤˲ʾ
ǾؿǵѡλĪϧСӦöᶪ棬ҡξ٭Z᰻һܣ¶һܱ˵飬ݶ۲죬Īϧڳڼ֮ΪһԸ޸Ůء
ڳһӱ˵ոȾˣЩŮӵȦѾʼˣʼԼ˽еΣҸһʹļ׵ı顣ʵ֪ξ٭ZЩ걻żĿ࣬ξ٭ZᰵĻȫ޷²֪Ǻá
Īϧξ٭ZᰵĶ԰֮󣬲ɵһȻ֪£ǴǺܱˣ۹ⲻɵĿξ٭Zᰵ۾ȴķ۵׵һ˿ζپߵһӵı飬Ǿ˴롣Īϧξ٭ZˣԼһȻᱻƭ˷Ѹ飬Ǻݺݵĵһۡϧξ٭Zæڹ۲ʵ۵ķӦûз۹⣬ע⵽ˡƽռ˶ξ٭ZᰰﲨŮˣĪϧŭĿرȤתһξ٭Z֮¶һ൱Цݡ
ϣǡҲϲɲ԰ҴͻأչϵЦݣɫ΢ξ٭Zᰣ˲֡
Ŷ£˭׼˵ģѡ֣ҸŭȻŻһݣСȮ£ǧҪ档
ξٳеǱߺܵʲô֧Ƶأڳһʾı飬ǺǺǣŶʢ嶯һûа취ҲֻΪԼĶӶô˽»Ҫһµġ
ʣξ٭ZᰰԹĿϣΨһһϼ޸ŮӶûˣǶôأ
⡭Ϊתξٳеһƿԡ
ҸΣæǰϣСȮĻгȻZϲĪϧǾͳȫǰɡ
ôô˵أҳôǵһζŮ˸ȤġԺһZһŵġΨ²Ұ
ξ٭Zᰳ̾һתţˣҪϲøˡ
ŵĿξ٭Zᰣξ٭Z᰿Ķ䣬ҪǿҵǿԣҪҪ˵ķӦأܸȤŶ
Χ˸˼۲ݵʱĪϧһסԼС°ͣؿţţ⵹Ҳξ٭ZȻΪӣǿϧȨƣžͲһˣԼȻûʲôְô˵Ҳǵ࣬ĻʵΣһһ䣬Ǻǰ;ģ޸ţڹٳӦúܳԵÿˡǲа䷽˵ӦñһСһ꣬ԶɣԺ࣬һԺһܼӣٶĲƸⷽ滹ξ٭ZҪõĶࡣԲһ򵥵ξ٭Z᰿һ֮ԺȻǲԴˡξ٭Z̫ˣ²ôÿƵģҪŵĻǲôˡҸȻλȨأΪеظҲӦò࣬һξ٭ZᰵǺŶȻų⣬ļҲӦþһ˵ֶԿǡԣһϰǮҲһûõģ
Īϧ˼ż޸˭Ƚʱ򣬿Īϧ˼ıŲСҪˡֻ۹ξ٭Zξ٭ZᰵĿԵĸ޹أʱᰡȻ׼֮ʱ
Ҫ޸ξ٭ZᰣһŮֺһȺ˰ϸԴֻһŮվȺ˽ϢĪϧϵãǸղʣµһŮ
ǻΨһŮųξ٭Zᰵˡ
찡ⳡѡ׻Ҫ鰡ξٳеĺš
ĪϧϸϸĴǰֵŮӣĿƽ쵤۵СźȻĺ󣬵ĵȷȷһأĴţϹÿľֵ֪ƣԺ˿ֵϸµס貵νΪƷеļƷ˿ҲβסĹǧСءĪϧ
ôϺܾȣʵּ֮ǰʵ۾аʾԲûμӣôͻȻ˵Ҫ޸ZأҲ̫˼ˡ
ôϣѵ񲻿Բμӵ𣿡ξ٭ZᰵĴȴϧһֱԵüǡΪξ٭ZѡټŮΪһٵĻϤ׼һû뵽µͷȻμӡŻһ͵ܳʵô˵кǲ
үү֪֪ξٳе²õʵ
ôѵ˵үү֪ҾͲ𣿡˻Ůֻ֮һӣϧӢţֻһŮǻ˻Сͱ۰ǼΨһˣϻʵΪԻµ֮ĶСֶŮҲ۰мӣǧ谮һСƢȻܳ壬֪
ţ㲻Ҫ֡ϴȰȥǵ۹ⴥµĪϧȻһ㣬ϲZô
ţϲҪ޸һȴû˿ԥ
ţôξٳе΢ЦţҪ޸Zᰣ̬ҲıɣȻZ᰾ͲñųˡõԸܿ챻ˡ
ǴҵԸǿлôֱξٳе¡ˣô븸ȡѡˡ
ξٳеĶһ£ȻϾһְܿڳһʵ۵ļƣZᰣⲻǶϷʼ潫δ棿
ұǻʼ֮ˣҺθɣξ٭Zˡ֪ԭΪΣžоģſξ٭Zᰣס֣ͼο
Zᰣ˵䡣Ҹ֡
㡭ξٳе¶İȻ֪´ŭ
ۿŴʽԽˣ˵˶㷲һɱ֮ǿ˿Ҳ˲ݣȫһһװΣˡʣµĹŮ̫ҲȫڷŶ״
ڡ
ϣⳡ־Ҫֵʱע⵽ϻһһֱ⣬ǸĹȻѡôһƽıԺˡӳǱ֮⣬黭Ҳþͨ
šʰ˼⣬̨׸Լ£ȥԼ޷ʰˡȻֲξ٭ZӭȢĪϧһĪϧȡʤǺãҼʹǻʤˣǷҲýȨһλ֮ƺˡǾԣɫպʱ԰ʼԣɹˡˣԻȥɣ
ξ٭ZᰲϰݣٷŴʱסŵԴ󣬭Zеʹʹһ㣬˼Ͳٶˡȴע⣬վμѡѡ֮±ǹ⵷ңúǲطˡ
Ͽһξ٭Zᰣϧξ٭Zᰲָֻԭ̩ȻòһĿαϡξٳе¶پֻܷȥ
ڴ֮ڵȫ߿ˣֻ°ֻСȸſš



 ǮҾͼ޸1
˲ɢȥȻأξ٭Zᰱʵ۽е鷿鷿൱أӶ˶ţ˭ڡֵȺŮ̫һвҶţһʧСڣʵ̲סȿˡ
Zᰣá
ûи࿪ڵĿռ䣬ξ٭Z˵ֱ˵ɣ㲻ϣȢĪϧȢ𣿡
šʵεɤӣZᰣȻ֪ͺã˼أ
ȢĪϧҪٹ£û˿ԥĻش
㡭ʵһʱᣬ֪˵ʲô˰֮ٴοڣͲ˳һ𣿡
˾Ļʵۣ˶˳㣬һҲνİɡ»ԼϲвԺڡ
ξ٭Zᰣʵ۴ŭİ
ʱС̫ʡϣة
ʵŭδ
ǺǣǨŭô˻Ӱʱ֡ξ٭ZᰳǰڣֻҪʵ۸׼ξ٭Z᰷Ҹͻ֡ξ٭ZֶŸղŵС̫˵ι㻹ǰ˽йȽϺŶ
С̧̫ͷһۻʵۣʵû˵Ĭˡ
Щǲ˵ôһȸˡպѡȸ٣պ屧ˡǰ
ʱҸˡμϣ꣡
ʦZиˡξ٭Z᰹˳֮뿪ˡ
ˡǶȥɡеĻʵ۹Ůˣʵƣ۵̱֮ϡ
ǺǣǱӦξٳеʱǺε磬ԼĶӶ޷̡ܽ
ϣZᰲģһֱĶŵĺúӡҸͼա
ĶţǶǶԣԶһ˳˵ס磬룬ǲ֪ˣ
ⲻܣ˭е£ҲҪ̫ˡεؿ
Ҳ֪ǭZ᰺֪ˣĻᵽ¡ÿһ˵ܾڷңʵû취ȥ᲻ʵС֪ˣ
ʱZᰲ7꣬һСô᣿
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˵ʲô
㣬㲻ϣZȢĪϧô
ξٳеһ£Ȼɵ˵ô᣿ֻǲϣĪϧΪʼҵ¼޸Zᰡ
ǲǻĪԵĲǶ𣿡Ҹд
ξٳеһüͷȥôˣֻǡֻǽ֪ԭĪиŮЩȰˡҲϣһõĹޣԼԸ¡
Ҳ˵ĪϧԼԸ⣬Ҳᷴˡ
ǵģǻíZԼԸС
ҿͦʺϵģŶˣҽĪϧˣ˳˽һĪϧ뷨ˡǳеˡδ˵Ҹ˳ȥˡ
ξٳеֹʵڲ֪˵ʲôһƵڵء
ڳǶһլӣլӲȴ൱£̨ͤ¥СˮȷʵһӦȫʾլ˵ƷζҲĪϧڵļҡ
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С㰡ҲÿһؼҶ⸱аɣ˵˵ѡʲô¡һСѾͷ󷽷ĪϧԱ߳Ÿ㡣
СѾͷ㻹ôףȥ裬㰡
ǣСѾͷֻ֪˳ϵĲһŵĪϧǰ˳Ѹơ
Ҹ㰡Ǹξ٭Zᰣô˵أƾ˵ÿҪ˿϶ǵˮˣѽҪǰֵһӣţ϶ǱȴͷƻҪߡĪϧ˿ˮδ˵
С㣬ˮ޵һ鷽
ȥĪϧһ֮󣬼˵һﲻðƽĽҿȥԲʲôˣѡһ¿ҲĸԸġҪǲµ㹦¿µûơ
룬üʵС㣬Ҫ޸һﰡʵһõһģôίԼġүҲڣڣүҲ¸ġ
Ī壬̾˿˵ޣҲҵôһĴˣҲôһˣˣôһȫĴҵģҲȫˣһʺϵģи๫ԺҪ⣬һ°빦
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СĽһ˵ðС㣬СȥҲֵöˡС㣬㣡СѾͷ޵ĽҲһ㰡
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òһڷ֮ĪϧһĨС죬˵һһûĵģҸǼôóԵģǾȻ棬۸˰´ξͲǼӲ˰
С㣬ǲԣǼӲȻǺãû˼ܱû˳ԺðɣǶһˣŶܲðɣһܼģͷŷͷĪϧ˵СʳԼҲ
˵仰֮һµͷ
˭˭ǶӰĪϧǺָһԵ˵㿴Բ𣿡
һԵίĳŰ׷ôôƫƫǩ鵽ԼСԷСָԼεҡҡͷһСˣ߳Ա߱Թ˵С㣬ô˵Ҳһҹ㣬͸һ˰ĵԼһݣʲôǸһԴ
ԷԽԽ֣ʳζԽáԽԽҵСˣˣҳԱˣ԰ɣȥ˱Īϧ֮ǰһݼȣ˳һ¡
һСһߣ굽ߣһ鼦ͷŵԼ
Ϲܼҷ·룬̾˿СడСûйϺӣһֱǰүͻȻôһС㣬ʱ򰡣СݵģϣС壬үҲǵģһС֮ҲûлعңÿĶĻļöˡôһֱͿСһ˳ңְﲻʲôæֻÿСķ˶µ㹦ˣôܸСһء
˵ܼңÿ㶼߶һͬһ仰۲۵ġ޿ǳˣ·룬䶼ˡ
ޣСѾͷÿչС㣬ͻ͵Сȥ
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ˣСĴ㣬˵ЩеûеʲôãȥСˣְɣ׼뿪ˡ
ްúչС㣬СһͲϲѷ¸ǣ鷳ǡСߵ೤С㡣ܼҲĵĶ
ЦЦ֪ת鷿ˡ
˵ʵ޺ϲһˣȻ˵ڣҶĬĬػģСҵĴĺܺãÿһ˶ܹСչˣмˣСǮƣȥĿСæҶܰС㣬ΪС鲻ࡣСᰮʳǴÿһÿһ춼ΪС׼ƵʳֻСϲʹһԷЩʳļ۸ĺܸߣΪ˲СӸֻðСų⣬ԼʳĻг˵֡Ȼһȴֻһ˲֪ģʵҵʳĶʵʳˣС⡣뵽̲סЦǣԶԶľͿСɱһʲô



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Īϧɵ޵ǰ
С㣬ڼҲҪ΢עһɡ޴Ȥ
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ܿ죬޾ͰĪϧװȻٳɣԲٳɡ첻ͬװĪϧԵøأ졣ǿʱѾٵˡ
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Уڴ֮⳼ֻһˣʵ۵Ĺϵһ㣬ѡӦоԵáĪϧ˼һ֮󣬡ֻ߽ݾˡ
ݾ޲ģڴģһ飬С㣬ǲǲȥˡ
ץʱˣץ
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⡭ĪϧڸӸ㲻ˣԼŵӰɣԲԣֻǵΪϣΪξ٭Zᰵ
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ιϵƫҲҪи̶Ȱɣʲô㰡ҲŲҪԭZҲǣֶһĪϧһԱ߿ߣȻʲô˵˵Ľֵôһ£
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ĪϧҸǣһֱڸĪϧ˵ȫš
ȫˣɶĪϧξ٭Zһǲʲôζôϵһʧ棬ֹġ
һֱֹСƺûҪıҪɴһ㣬ߵԱߡιĶ𣿺ûеλŶǺǣ
ߣһСѾ߶ѣעһԼôү²ܡûžúߣѿڶ仰
Ǩŭˣ㻹أӲһ仰
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һľͻˣ֪ǷӦõǸҸҲ֪ΪʲôԼû˵һСѾ߶ѣԼӣҮһʼͲ𱰣˵ԽԽ֡ǿ޸ղŻôƤڳŭŴĵ׸еΡڲ֪ôڵ״šߡһֱ֮ʩչṦɳԺǽ
Ŷȥǵģ⺢ԽԽˡϧˣǲҪˡĪϧЦĺŮڳ鴤ˣУǹ֮ŮҲôͽϧ˰ɣĶӾôɳȥô򶨣ǡɰһ˰
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һӻ񣬿С㣬ֻĪϧüͷ޾СԲĪϧȻЦǴ˵еһʣ֮˰ɡ
ЦҲһߣҸôأ
ţǵأ룬ţҽͽ̰ɣ
ţ̡֪Ϊʲôʵ˻ôڲͬĶˡ
ŶǸСˣôҵĶ˧ɣԿ
ţͦɰģ۸ܺ档ޣĪϧһ仰ɣѾͣ״̬µǻˡ
šŲأүһ
ôŶˣƤգۣᰡŶǺܲŮӽģ˵ǵŮŶ
ţޣҿ۸˼˰ɣĪϧҲȡЦ
ʲʲôС㡭޼ææ⣬ĪϧӴЦ޸ɴ಻˵ˡ
Ц֮󣬡̣˵ҵԭ˰ɣٲȻżˡ
ǵأι˵Zˣôû˼벻޸
Ҿ֪ţ޸Īϧڳһεס
ѽţ֮ô򶨵ֻһˡҭZǸСӳǲôֱ޸ŮӿûŶΪǸСΪʲô޸
Īϧԥһᡣ
һЦЦˣ˵ĻûϵֻҪ˵޾ˡҵˡι벻֪һǸС飬ҿ˵һ鱨Ŷ
ŶðĪϧȥ˷ܡ
ýһУιôģһװŮһ͵ԣ
ðɣҶʵս飬ô˵أҪҪῴɫһҪȷԷῴ͵ԲУȻв˵ʱҪ׼ԵʱҪɫԺԼϰɣ˵һЩйξ٭Zᰵ鰡
ˣ㼱ġߺߣ˵ĭZᰳĲɣ
ǲأƷô
Ŷ㷢ˣǵأôֵģСӿǺܻװء
ûˣأʲôԨԴɣŮ鷳Ҫˡ޽סһ
֪һԼƯȻջңҶʮ㣬ûЩŮһʧȥʶĪϧ˵
ɫգСӵ磬Сʵ飬İɡСӳƯҵŶӺÿأ
Ů˰˵ʵĿʼŮˡ
ţģƲƷ˵һﳤ治ʵҲһˮأ
ġһܣʱǸСӻۣһŶɲܸҼǸͷԴ׵ġ
ŶʵǺŶһ׬
ģʵҲôŶ
ǸZᰳôÿ𣿡Ҳˡ
Ů˵簡ڷｹĵϢҸ֪˵ʲôһưɡ



 ǮҾͼ޸3
ʱƽһӰŭߵţֱӱԺľѲߵĻԺһĶӶѲߡ
ӣүûлȵһᰡܼҳӰʧķкȻߵļҶԸʱȲϣٻһµźˡ
ڡ
Zᰣξ٭ZᰣģңңңңÿһŵӶῪһֿ֮ʼԻ԰Ļݲݣɽʼξ٣Zᰣİ
׼ˮѰҵʱ
ιȥҵĻ԰ûˡֹˮĶֱξ٭Z᰹˹ȥ
ξ٭Z᰺ԾĶŵĵһȭŲûзѸٵʰΣһժָξ٭ZᰵĲӣξ٭Zһ˲ŸأѸǰɽξ٭ZᰵСξ٭Z᰿;ĿŵȻѸϷ󷽿ʼȻǱܿˡ໥УڰлãֱָԷҪŵɫأֵٶȺܿ죬˿в֮ƴʵϣξ٭Zɱϵ΢Цܿ죬Ų֧Zס
˾ڻ԰棬ڵϴ
Сʲôˣǵðѻ԰
ûзӦͻȻźƵʣιZᰣҪһŮô죿
仰ʱξ٭Z̲סԾŴͣ˰֮Ӧˡ
ҵ찡㡭̫ɰˣ治ĶӰ
ιܣ˵žͷվ
ˣٴȥҲⲻģξ٭ZҲվˣһȥϴ衣
СѾѴͰˮˣſͰԵϣʣ㲻ǶŮ˺е𣿸ҰҪŮô죿
˵Ӱ12͸ŮߴתˣŮ𣿡ξ٭Zᰱ۾˵Ҳ΢ѧϰһ¶ԸŮ˵ķÿζֻ֬Լȴ֪ôԸ֬Ҵ¥
˵΢ҲеθкòãһͱԻҮҵǰװҵÿμҶпҲ㶼֪˭ˡɶľôƴÿζ㡣ŷ£ԹŶˣҵֶһŮ
ţ˰԰ǰмﰡûӰ
ǣǸĪϧҲ֪ʲôҵһ͸һѹûҴڵء
Ŷξ٭ZȤǿְĪϧʲôͷ
˭֪ĪϧûʲôģǸСѾͷ׵úܣһûУһСѾͷȻҳЦңԼҲҪ
ŶѾ߹ȻôʲôѾߴĳǶԿ˵ƷУĪϧԼѾ߿ξٳеڻŰĪϧı֣ˣ˵һ䣬㲻ֱⷬ˵Ѿ˰ɣ
ţ˵ˣȻˡ
Ǻǣ㰡ȻһʼСѾ߸Ҷײ㣬ڸںܲ𱰣һѾͷܻеһȵԱУԱ»ݱһǿҵ˵ⷬ˼𣬵Ȼˡξ٭Z᰺ĵĽš
ʲôԱģԽ˵ԽˡˣֻһСѾͷѣҸܣˣүء˵ⷬڶξ٭ZҲø¡żξ٭Zᰲֽ˵ұ˵˵ĪϧģȫСѾͷˡ
ξ٭Z᰻ûд𻰣ԾȤ˸Ƿеˣͻʶ˵ŻĪϧ񡭰Ҽһеϵҵ˵ǡţġݰֵܣҶˡ
˵ʲôԣξ٭ZᰴԼ˼ﾪѹҸİݰֵܣţ˵𣿡
ξ٭Z᰻عͷȥȴѾ˯ˡξ٭Z᰾ͼعͷ˼ξٳеµ̬ȡξ٭Z֣Īϧò棬ûκο޵ģʹǲҲӦòвΪλʵųأ˵ĪϧĸףĪҸĽֵܵĻôĪʵξٳеҲǽݹģȻ֪µ˲࣬ξ٭Zȴ֪ҸξٳеʱĽֵܣΪάʵ۵϶ûйҸĲǣةȷʵԲġݵ˵ĻĪԵΪʲôҸҪߣүةأĪƺѾܶû¶ˡôʵ۲ϣȢĪϧΪֵܵԭǵĻмһʲôˡ
˼ˣξ٭Zһӣߵſڣʱ˿ûЦ⣬һסһ֣һ
үкηԸ˶ϹϾ
ȥһĪˣҪȫϢξٳеµĹϵ޾ϸպһ㱨˵һ֣ʧˡ
ξ٭Z᰿ͥԺڰػָ͵ı顣һϴͰڵţߵ˸Լң֮أ˯ȥˡ
ҹˮڣ
á䰡磡ףǡǡ磡ξ٭Zᰣ
ðԺĳֻѲߵèڴ
ڶ峿Ŷè۳ξ٭ZᰵſڣԥŸòðξ٭Zᰵķ߿̧ҽţܼҳˡ
үҼүڲڸڣ»˵߻Ը߻ŵĿĿûĻϡҼү˵ĻؼҾͿԿˡ
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֮źĻͷʹܼңξ٭Zᰵȥˣι˵ʱҲúŰ
ү˵ȥ㸮ˡȿȣү
ȻȥҼˣһ
ǸӣܼҲĵʵ
ιܼңһȥˣ˵գѾӰѧṦǺð˵ʱಡһ¾ˡ

ŭĻصʱξ٭ZᰣСѾͷ浽ξ٭ZȥԺ᷿ĪϧˡֱӾͱ˺Ժ߿һ᷿ʱͿһ緹
ͻһǿ˵ò֮վһĲ鲻Ըı飬Ҿ
ү硪ϳ
ô㣿޵ʱųһѾĲȫˡ
СѾͷǺܶԲ𰡣ү
ŵһεҪǰŮ˵뷨ǣһ֮Ѹ롣򶨵ļ³Է·һжδֻ̲ס۸ĸоȻܰǣҲ֪ʵһθŮദıͲˡ
ʲôѾͷȴС㻹ƢͥԺУξ٭Zᰣ
Ȼһһקһ䣬̷׼ػû뵽һõͷϣСӣҲҲ򣿡
˵ͱסѨ
㿴á˳Ŀ⿴ȥȴξ٭Z᰺ĪϧͥԺͻŰɣźȥ޶ˣôڽ͵ߡһᣬһ˶ޡ
̣Ů΢ЦţЦաһԵźݺݵؾý䡣
ҲŮ˰
Ļ氡Ů׾ʱ̲סڽ͵
ҸŮҡ

һԽͯŮүҮ꣬Сһ㣬ҪǣǿǶʰZ᰺Īϧ˶ôʰòĺúӣ
ţţ˻Ӧš
һȺˣĳĵĺࡣ
ÿʮ޶ȡֻ֪ҪԼͬͿ˳޸ξ٭ZᰵĪϧ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣÿʮԼֵǮôҸֻ֪Ҫ˫ͬͿԵξ٭Zᰡ
ѵֵ۳ҿκһ¥ͷƣҪɲֹŶ
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ҵݾԲֹǮ
ҲҪݡ
ϣҼ޸㲻𣿡
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ŶʵͬԲޣҶʵҲͦȤģҲͦϲ̵ġҪ޹¡
ţô˵ҵеĶˡ
ôҵĵһѡ񡣡
Ǻǣ֮㲻ǰԼô
Ҫޣѡȡķʽ
ŶȤ뷨Ҳ˵
ǮҾͼ޸㣬ô򵥡
ξ٭Z̧ۿһĪϧȫû߻ǿЦɫ΢΢һЦãҸǮ
ɽ彻ݵ鶨̸ˡĪϧĿξ٭Zᰡ
ôǸ˴кɣ
ð
һԱ˫˫ͷɷ԰ɫ



 Ϊƽ1
һԱĻͷպÿ˽䣬ȸ
˷ܵĵļУСѾɢʣµľһεҸվɵЦԼЦθ
ôȫǳԾСŮ״̬ݼ
Ǻǣ··ҸЦеź뿴ǡ
ʦɰξ٭ZͬЦеĵĿ
ĪϧүˡĪϧѾˡ
ǺǣĵĲɡҸ˿̵˶δò롣
ţĪϧмʶĵúܿġȻѽ鵱ףó
׳ɹˣš
үȡЦˣү죬Īϧǻǳأһʮʮһ򶼿ϴӦȻǮ˰
ٹһˣǲҪվˣȥİɣ
ţ˵öԣ߰ɣ
Ǿһ˸˼˵˵ЦЦ뿪˻԰԰ڻָ
ȣһ£ǲʲô쵽ʱͻȻ˵һȺһ£ƺûʲô׵ġ
Ǻǣ˶ˣûʲô鰡΢Цš
ɵĿޣƺ뵽ʲôҲЦˣţǵģ
ڻ԰ĳ棬һֻɫС۵ѽɣѽɣͣһ䡭šͷ档
˭ң˭ңһֻСĢѽѽѽϡ
ù֮ĪϧǱҸԼլۡȥˣξ٭Z԰οǿ˵ĴȥɢΪɹ¥ȥˣҸǿĵȥʹϢˡ
鷿
УҲܾôĪϧ޸ZᰡξٳеһӼվ
Ϊʲôϲ˵ֻҪӶԸ͡
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ţô˵ĻҸҲΪš
ˣҲҪĪϧʵô˵ξٳеô㣬ĪϧıΣʤ߶ǻ񡣶µľҸξٳеöԲˡˣ磬һ㣬ĿƾپҪʼˣҪȥһˣ˵һţƺԸμӿƾ٣ҪȥȰΪ͢ѡĵĴ£˵͹غһ˵ϡ
ǳе£ܲƳȥȭZᰵĻ¶ߡ
֪ĭZᰣž˵ٲµȥ˻ʧ˲ţة࣬㻹ǽͳɡξٳеµ
ðɣҾһ˰ɣϣܾϻСϣ΢ˡҸȥ·ϣҸ̾һֱԼһԸԴξ٭ZᰴĪ֮˾ͷǳ̸ĪԣοȻҲԸĪϧ޸ZᰣԼǶ¡ֵܣأ
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ˣˣˣǲҪˡ
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ǲҪˣҲġšৡĴӵվУȴ˸Ц
ʱ仹磬˲࣬Ƕ
ӣɰ
㱧һ£
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ģûʲôõĵطһԼȤ飬ָԭ
ûУûУ
ǵģ价װÿˣӣҲŪһ
ҲҪҲҪһȺŮΧ
ð˭պ뵽һµױ档ֻʱ̲Żɡʵŵ൱£ξ٭Zᰲһξ٭Z᰿˵ƯǿɰһŮ˶ʵĴ۾ë۵ļټһֺúԸ񣬸߳Ļױɣڴ൱ܻӭ
ܿһŮӾױ̨ǰſʼϸİױʱ൱ģһ˿ΧĽҲǲٵЦϸĿţϣѧһȥԼۡ
ذŪ֬ʱξ٭ZҲϵķ١
ʱˮȣʱڣ滺֮ʱƣ֮ʱҲꡣΪһڻȴ·תڷɶ˿֮СŴ֣޲ͨ泩һֻ޹ǵ֣ḧޱȡ
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лӿ佱ֻǣӽ£ʲô𣿡
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ȻĪϧΪǰλŮеϧʱֿʼˡ
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ڣټ˿ʼˡٱߣŲԶξ٭Z˵үͽ̡
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ں֮Ԩڲۣ֮ޱ壬ޱǿơѲ֮䣬תھ֮ϣȻȻĺ֮Уȴ¶ޱߵ飬Ρ
ڳ˶˿ҴյŴ˿ҲҲ˯ˡĿŵٵĪϧĪϧ¶ƾȻʹȹȥ޷ԶʶıסԼĸ첲̲סʱξ٭Zķסŵʯϣ۾ȴû뿪Īϧξ٭Z᰺ĲĪϧӣǴӵˡξ٭Z𾪵ǣξ٭Z᰺Ϥ·ܾǰ˿ӡûС
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ڳƺһȻ֮󣬴ҷ׷¹
μʺ
Īϧһ£æ뿪ٱߣ¹򣬡μʺ
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Īϧ
ţܺã˵ת뿪ˡ
ڳȫĪĿԶĻ񡣻ЩһֱԼԺԣһЩıμӵĳ⼸šڳ˾Ȼֻ˵˼Ī뿪
ξ٭Zе˼ŻʺĻȴáϸղʶξ٭Zֻͷۡž뿪ˡ
ܿҪˣ㲻𣿡š
ϻξ٭ZԽԽԼƺҪȢĲһƽˣһеĲƽһйأǸ˾Īԡʵϣϣ̽бĪԵϡǣսڼһЩ֪Ĵ֮⣬ĪԼֱһգս֮ǰͻȻ֣û˲֪ս֮ĪʧٳԡֵǣĪԵŮĪϧ·ӲֻǰͻȻĪ͵
ĪԣǸʲôأξ٭ZʡֱĪԼҲѲ˵ĸϵ
ZᰣôҪȥ׷š
ܾͲҪϻ
Ƭ֮˷ܵѸٸǰȥ
Ҫˣ֪ˣֻòʣȴҲûκνڡˡ
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ʲô˼˾ˣΪʲôңǲʣɫ÷ǳѿ֮׼Īϧ𵽣˵Ͳòװʲôߣ
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񰡣ǵĹͬʲôϾҪˣҪô嶯ˣ˵񣬹½ּɣ
仰֪ϲǡȻʣȴԼ޸ξ٭ZҲԼģ¾Ͳ֪˵Щʲôˡҧס´뵽˸ղξ٭ZķסԼһ󳱺졣
ԥţӡ
׼ּһŭ𣬻ˡ˱ϢԺ󣬻ͣĸϻؾǣⳡϣһȥ
үүүһ
ة࣡ǣǻϵּ⡣˵
͸߻Ϻˣξ٭ZԸȢ˭УҾԲ޸ġ˵ų񣬡񣬸һȥȥٽѵ㣡
үүҪ޸ξ٭Zᰣš
죬ҪŮͲ׼˵ֻߣ˵ҲܻԸԸ⣬ʹ뿪ˡ
һӲ֪ǺãʱۻˡղſŭظߣҲĹһ£˳ҲŮ鷢ľȻ֪ξٳеڴʲô⣬֮ǻ̲ס¡
΢˼һ£ȻܲμӣǻʤȻĪϧǾɣ
ǡǻϲϣĪϧ޸ξ٭Zᰣתһ룬֪ʰȻȻٺòˡʱʵ۹Ҳǻܷ˵ԼҲøһԼں󹬵ĵλȻʺ⣬Ǿʺɣ
Ҳ֪˼ζЦĿһۡ
ĪϧԸ޸ξ٭Z𣿡
Īϧɵصͷ
ܺãͼ޸ˣʤʤξ٭ZᰵƽƽĿ˵뿪ˡ
ǾĪϧĪľͳξ٭ZᰵδŵӡȻĽӦûôܾùֵֹأĪϧֹ
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ˣĿ鼦ǲǺܹʮѡ
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ξٷɫ̫ÿǺָֻܿЦ˵Ǻã㡣
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ջҵǣӽȵ֮󵽻ΰݣڶξ٭ZֻǻϵӣԣΰҲˣֻҪˡ
ڴ֮ϣĪϧһᵽνųôһ¡֮ϣʵµĴ󳼳ҸҲȫޱ顣
ǵĪϧ͵͵Ŀξ٭Zᰵʱȴ˿ûпеıˡϰ˰ɣĪϧ롣
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ڣһеĳˣĪϧĳΪˣƽξ٭ZᰵӡȻ˶һжǸոտʼ
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찡Ȼ棡Īϧάϵ΢Цźš
ǰַǷȺʹĪϧҲòпˡҲѹ֣ʶʹ֮Ա˰Χףξ٭ZᰣһŴɵˡ
ĪϧʽΪƽ֮󣬸ξ٭Z᰻صƽĪϧͲӴڴһ˿ѰϢ
վſڵĹܼӭӭүѾõˡ
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Ůˡмξ٭ZҲòе档
ĪϧѾȫһǧСˡе룬ֺúԣûôҰô˵ŮɡʱһȺŮŮммشźȾ֣ңԱԼҪ뵽ξ٭Zᰲеζ׬
ڵô֪Īϧ뷨ء
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ԺӣкʮŮʮ
ΪҪϯӦ겻շѣӦ
ȻһЩӦҲǲշѵģ
˵ǮƹУԷø棻
үҪ檣һʮ

ʵкöϸ˵ģΪʹ׿Ѿɾˡû˿Ρ
㡭㡭ξ٭ZҲòƿˡ
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ȻһʼҾ˵˰ʲô𣿡
㡭ξ٭Zᰵ¾ˡתһ룬߹ϵʲôأ˭ҲÿǷ˭ͺ˰ȻŵӻôԼ׻ڴЩʲô
ܿ죬ξ٭Z侲¹Ц
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˸˼Цˣ֮ξ٭Zᰲûд·棬ԼǵԭԼ˯ȥˡ
ξ٭ZߺĪϧһ̱ϡ¶ɫ൱ıˡ
˵ʲôԼѡɵĽԼţҹȻǶԼݰ۸ôߣֲʲô֦ҶѿСӣ
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Īϧǵڶμһ԰Եʱ򣬵̫ˣĪϧûϸʱ
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ۻ᣿˭ĪϧμӾۻᣬǳĪϧȥģǳģξ٭Zᰰ˼šȻʵû˵ҪȥʲôطʲôⷴӦûУ
û˵ȥʲôطСѾ߿ؿξ٭Z᰽üͷС˵ʱܿĵӡ
ţܿĵӣξ٭Z˼Ƭ֮󣬻СѾȥˡ뿪
ξ٭Z᰺ڽϣѵõİһᣬξ٭Zᰵɫ൱ƽƽĲƻŵˡ
˾ô˺þ֮
Zᰣʲô𣿡ܲ˳Ƶգʵ
ţξ٭Zᰴ˼оѹŲõ΢Ц˵ûаôôʣ
Ȼкص°Цôãû취ˡţȻͳ鴤ǸЦ֮㲻˵ˡ
žôдϣȴξ٭Z᰸ˡ
Ǻǣлл»һ޽Ϥӱ



 ΪµһǮ2
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Zᰣ˭ŶһĿǰĪϧξ٭Zᰡ
ףôĪϧҲ˵ĴڣȻ̰עеŵϡţ̫ˣҲ
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һʱͻˣҸǲȤģҪ¶Ҹ϶һꡣңȻһֱ¥ҲЩ飬һҲС㣬ӵܱάԼ뷨ðЩĺܶˡ
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ڴ۵Ĳֺʱξۻǣ˳ˣ˲Ǳˣǻ



 ΪµһǮ3
ǺܿĵӺ洫ŭղŻĸߵСһȫˡҪҪҷһأ
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룬վ͵͵ȥһط˩סṦ˽ȥǽȥ֮ĳźݺݵسԾһѡ



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أһصķȭ˳ߵԴ棬Ϻ˳ҲǸŮУŮǸţ근17
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ˣĪԵʲôչ𣿡
£ԲүǺ֣ÿҪһЩʱеĻȫʧʵǡ
Ҫҽڡξ٭Z˵š
ʵǶԲүŵ¹򵽡
ξ٭Z᰷ڵϵıҺ鲻ĻǾ֤Ǹ˺˲սԲ飬Ҹ㹻ʱ䡣
ǣллүһ
үĪϧˡľһͻȻ֡
ţˣ飬УҽһΡξ٭Z᰻˵꣬ľʧˡ
Īϧ޻ص
ףܼңô£Īϧš
㻹үˡܼεЦš
ĪϧĿŹܼңʼ䣬ͻȻСѾ߹˵ξ٭ZҪĪϧĪϧţŸ״ˡǣƤĳһͷȥˡᣬɲʲôƤ飬ֻԸתһʽѡ
ξ٭ZеĺŲ衣
ӴںȲ谡аĪϧͻȻֲûξ٭Zᰵκ⡣Īϧʧξ٭Zᰵǰ档Уû˼Ͳһµģ
ƺú찡ξ٭Z΢Цʵ
Īϧ΢ЦĻشţܿİŸСǰɣ
ĺܴξ٭ZԢ̵ĳĪϧһЦ
ĪϧһϵıҲ˲ı仯ξ٭Z᰾Բ仯ۣ˵㻹ǲҪЦȽϺãô˵ҲһŮ˵ġ㲻֪Ů˵ɱǿˣһ߰ɣ
˵Īϧ׼뿪
Īϧ˼֮ξ٭ZʵҰʲô
Īϧͣס˽Ų
ңҰʵְĻӦѾ𣿡
Īϧû˵
ôҪ𣿡
Īϧתֱξ٭Zᰡ˾ôš
Źһʱ䣬ĪϧЦҲҪİ
ô룿
ǣҴڴĪϧ侲˵ţѡ
ξ٭ZüëһԽԽȤˡ
ҰģδؾûСҰӦǲҪҵģҲҪ֪Ҫʱһᾡ㡣ΪİĽĪϧ΢Ц˵ȻĿһ䣬ֻһҾΣգҾԻԥĳ뿪
ҽ᰸ξ٭Zûһ˿ԥĴӦˡ
һĸɴأȻǺܺõĻ顣Īϧת뿪
ԸңҰ𣿡
ΪµһˡĪϧûлͷϵıȷʵǺܿĵӡ
Ϊµһˣ˼Ұġξ٭Zеĺһڲ衣



 һ˵δ1
¶Էξ٭ZṩĪϧͥԺξ٭Z֮Īϧһ˻ص¶Է
һص¶ԷԼķ棬ԭһͽȥأƬ֮һ˿ʣڰɡ
СӰΪʲôô˻Ҫôɵ㻹ҪһЩʲôδֻʣһ˶ѡڰУĪϧ
ҹ֮
˿ѼļߣˮȸɫСԣи־ĵģһеʳѾ涼ѲˣʹгµӣܿͻᱻϡڳԶľĪϧ
С㣬㵹ٳһ㰡𱸵ĿĪϧʵǿȥˣʼĪϧеӡ
ӣ̫˵ǻַסʳ
С㰡̫˶θã
Īϧû˵ʳѾôȥˡ
С㣬ٳȥĲˣ
Īϧǿʳ˵ޣһأͲҪˣҳ԰ɡ
Уҵġ޲ĵĶĪϧŵ̡
Īϧ˻ޣû£ҴӦЩͲˣвУ
ЩӾ͸óˣС㣬ǲҪ˱вͳ˱
ȵȣٳһ룡Īϧ˵
˵棡޺˧ķ˱һ˲֮˱Īϧϡ
ߣЦһС㣬ǲʲô
ĪϧĬķеʳһûгԱģ
ԵĹˣҡҡͷһС£СᣬǽѶˡ
СѾͷЦݣӡ
ιҪȥ˵иôܳԵļһûа취޻СѾͷԸš
֪ˣ޽㣡СѾͷСЦŻش
СһӣҲЦ˵Ҫ֪ôܳԣΪǶܳԵġ
˵𣿡ĪϧͻȻ÷ǳΣգߺߣҪһʲôˡ
˵ţħƵأĪϧһ齫
ԲǺ£ŮץʱŶӡҪԴ»֮ҹĪϧ鲻ãǿС¡Сһҹ齫ССͬ»֮ҹҵͬ飬Ǿͬˡ޴һʼǲμӵģĪϧ£ֻòμˣһȺ˸ҵȻºĪϧǰǮˣڼҲ̸ɫ䡣
ιʲôвǣĪϧεҡҡͷ˸ˡ˯
޸СС֮󣬾ȥˮˡȵһˮطʱĪϧѾôڴ˯ˡεذĪϧ·˲ǺúñӾͶˮȥˡ
޶ˮʯ·ϡ
þöû˯ôСˡһһ۵ĹǺɣΪ˸ǴùϵһҹȻ˵Ǳһ㣬ǻЧû˯ȥӦЩС㣬òҳ˸ȴɵ飬һİɣоǲ֪ξ٭ZᰶС˵һЩʲôС֮һֱܲԾޱ߱ţͷѾϨƵĪϧķ䣬˵Сô࣬ǵһأ
ʲôһΣڰͻȻֵ
ȻӦ֮£еǰӡ
СѾͷʲôϸһȻšξ٭Zᰵķ˯ȥֱξ٭ZȻĶڵ֮ΪˣҳԵġһĴ˹ڣˡ
㡭ʲôװ˰ûеµģ޺θеָ
㡭治ҲˣʲôСʲôѾߡ
˵ʲô֪ˣǲѽ쿴ȫξ٭Zˣ
Ȼ˵ˣôֲŮˣҵȻҪЭZˡ㿴ӣĻ顣ǴﵽԼĿģǸɣ˶óʲôԵģŮ˾˵һʲôҵ¡ǶħŮ˾ҵҶҪξ٭ZᰵԱ߸ߣž͹Լ˵ںڰȫûп޵ɫ仯
žһƺݺݵɿŵϡ
ʲô
֪ʲôʲôûоĴү֪Сʲô鰡ҪΪԼʲô֪ʲôҲ֪Ƶ˾ԲС㣬ûɣɵ飬Ϊʲô֪ʲô֪
˵ܵ޵ŭ⣬֪Լ˵ˡ
۸ѶʲôĻôźҸС㶼ǺˡԶһ㡣˵ţϵ裬ֱ߿ˡ
ιҪסȫ˵
޸ûͻȻͷ˵вҪξ٭Zǰ˵ʲôС⵽ʲôĻҾԲԭġ
뿪֮䵽ȵסһվʯ·ϣҪ뿪ȴʹˡˣңͬѾ޷ˡ
ʲôˣһСѾͷһˮȻô˵ʵĪϧͺֲܿġǿ߷ߵţǣȴڣԼĪϧʲôֲ֮ˣе׽֮Իἤȫ̫ھ˶ѡ
۸ѶʲôĻôźҸС㶼ǺˡԶһ㡭޵ĻһŵĶߡ
ΪʲôҪΪСѾͷĻķƴҡͷҪǸղŵ޷ŭϧûʲôЧΪʲôÿҶأҺһαһǸ
˭ǱֻǡﲻĵĴţֻֻһᣬҲ֪ǣǲʲôֵܹĻ᲻ǭZ˵ʲôҪݵĻɣôľͲˡ
˭᲻᲻Ұڴ˳Ҳһ뿪
һ˻ţ͵͵ﵽξ٭Z᰷ſڡξ٭Zʱû˯仹⡣ѵõģξ٭ZûаѷŹϡ
ƽʱǶǰŹŵģΪʲôǿѽξ٭Zᰵſǻ˺þãһֱڿǷҪȥòװѽ̧żˣ˻
ڣξ٭Z᰺ܲ˵ĺһҪĲҪĻҾ˯˰
˭˭Ҫȥų˽е
ξ٭Zһܲı飬ŵ̺һ롣
㵽ҪҪ˵ʲô˵ĻҪˡ˵ţһڿʵղС·Ϸ飬ľѾȫξ٭ZᰱˡУץ·ˣҹܲţĵŪʪ
㡭ֹҲû굽һԵ棬棬ͷ˵Zᰣ㲻ҪݵĪϧòã
ξ٭Zͷû̧˵ŶΪʲô
˵ûȫǼٵģġĪϧʵûôġԵе㼤
˵ѿǲõϰߣ˵һ˵ƭң
ҡһ⻰Ҳ֪˵ûõģֻʵǣûĪϧҲиָ飬Ҳô˵áȻĪϧЩ飬ҿóĪϧΧĶõģһӦòǻˡ
Ŷԭô˵ģξ٭Z᰷е飬˵ңҸ㣬е˵Ǹɵ顣ʵǼҵһӵܣżĪϧĪϧһҲϵɵӵزҪһǮֻöҵ̵룬˼ˣĪϧʲôû˵Ͱȥ㻹Ϊһ𣿡
źþû˵֮󣬡ţҲ֪Īϧҵĸоһˡ糿Ӣ磬Īϧ˵˸һĻԼȤûʲôö˵ģԼľͺãҪǵ㸸׵Ļһ˵ġʱ仰ʱľúܰġ⻹УҾãĺȻ˵񣬶ҲԵĸо֮Ĳͬǣܾã԰ɨһЩįҲڵʱҲôįˡ
أͻȻһᣬ˵ϣҡ
ţξ٭Zᰴ󾪣̳ǰȥеľ
ڣľ̳ŵߡξ٭ZᰰűϣľѸٴ߳һźڲ򿪺һź롣
ξ٭ZᰴӻȡһСƿȡһҩι£֮·֮ľʼһһİʩ룬ξ٭Zסϵţĵ
һʱ֮ľǰϵһȡ˳
үˣѾûˡľȰο
ξ٭Zٴȷŵ״֮Żס
ľŵ״
үں쳣볣죬ʱӦòٵˡ
ôˣľϢɡξ٭Zƣضľ˵
ү
İɣҲµģڲ˸Ҷҵġ
ԥһᣬľ飬˵ǣү
Ҫ͵͵ضһ֪ġľ׼µʱξ٭Zᰲ
ľһ˫۾ԳΣˡ
ľ뿪֮ξ٭Z᰿һۣһ˯˴ߵһϣ۵ı۾
Z᰸磬߰
ƿͷһɭذף̽ŵؿڡ
ǰ罥ģֻѪѩƮ䵽ϣѩƮȻ
δֻһˣԶֻһˣ

ؿһʹξ٭Z͵ڴڵشϵ·Ѿ亹ʪ˺þãξ٭Zƽͷһۻ˯šɫ˯øӤƵأǻģżզզ졣
һǸˣھȻ˯ôûӵļһҸΪϵ亹ŪԼǳξ٭Z᰾ͳȥ׼ˮϴȥˡ
ξ٭ZԡͰմһᣬľֱ档
үˡ



 һ˵δ2
ţ֪ˡȵ鷿һᣬҴ͹ȥξ٭ZԡͰ棬ƣ롣ľ֮ξ٭Zᰱ˫ۣ׵صԼ񾭡
ξ٭Zᰵ鷿棬һС鷿תתȥСӵĳ಻ף͵ģֻǶͷϵһ̺΢ƻСˣСϼֵƣȫǻʵ۵ͬĲʣĴµһɽׯĵһ幤ǳ塣ϵĹҼ϶޼֮ǣŴǾԵе죬ôоõģЩ޼۵ĵ׹ŵϣܾãס
㿴ûУүͿˣ㲻Ҫתˡľ˵
Уľ܆¡ѣֲٵʲôĴҹ²÷ױءҿǺܸȤŶҿһۺòãĿľ
ҪǸҶүҲĨɱġľƽؽ½𼴽ľɴ
УСȤջּ֣ܣ˵ģү鷿ƣ΢ֵǮһľǽϵЩֻˣᰢ
ﵱȻǲүϵĶˣξ٭Z᰽ŵʱպһڳƪۣǣܴܲ΢һǣ
үľϹϾվһԡ
үҵĴźģֻǲ͡治ɫ˵ţȻһλľεĿһۣҲû˵
ҿɲùάʱĺʶһ㣬Ҫ϶úõظһ
ǸСӣˣôļһǲܻŵġڳһεı顣
ξ٭ZҲǰϻΪֹȥ͵Ķ͵𣿡
ϻû͵Ķء𣬽19֮ͬ꣬һµһ͵ӿڴͳһССƿ׸ξ٭ZᰣҪɣʷִϵŮжĽҩ¶˾Ȼ磬벻˵ʵͷ¶µ޷죬Ҳܲĳ
ҪǸϲ˵ıģΪɫͼ£ǰȥףִǼϽŮ͵Ů˵ϡܾıǾ¶磬ԴҪЮִϡ΢һºξ٭ZᰲִϻһļֵļһǾһѣǾͽнǰȥ͵ҩˡ
ߣСֻҪָͷ͹ˡξ٭Z᰽ӹƿľľ˵ˮˮ֪ôġ
ǣľһʧˡ
ӣṦĺһһΡľʧĵطп
ṦȲġξ٭Z᰺˵
үô˵Ǻ˵ġ
Ǹ͵ĲƱҽ˿˰ɣξ٭ZᰲٿŽֿҵɡ
ʲôƱǸͷǮǲ٣һıûСǮȫͺˡˣǼһڿһ׵⵰ҪҪһһˣ
Ҫһ㱾µĻʹ޷ҲܻȥģҪû£ֻͲùˡξ٭Zû̧ͷ̹Ȼ˵š
ӣߺأվˣҪѰұˡؼ
鷿ֻʣξ٭Zһˡһ֮ξ٭Z᰷е飬߻Լķ䡣Ż˯
ξ٭Z᰼״ٴΰһָֻһֱĳˡ
ţѾûˡξ٭Z˵ţһȭᵽŵϡ
ξ٭ZᰣһӴӴϱôˣ
ռһϵĴ𣿡ξ٭Zе˵
ţĴҮʲôʱ˯ŵģξ٭Zᰶȫûӡֻ֪ԼͻȻ˯ˡͻȻźʲôƵ˵֣ΪʲôĴϴһҹͨ㲻ǻֱӰҶȥ𣿡
㲻֪˯ŵʱ𣬰̫ξ٭ZһȻ˵
Ȼ
ʱ򣬹ܼ˵үһͬò͡
Ѿʱ˰ȥԷɣһ˲´ܼҶٶȺ񻹲Ӧֻһˡ
ҲŶξ٭Zᰵ
𣡡ڽɲûվȣµˤϡ
Ҫҵﷹ֮ǰݵĻҿԿǰһ¡ξ٭Zᰴ󲽴ŵϿ˹ȥ
һͦӵϵ˭Ҫæ
ô˵ŻһɱתͲˡȻξ٭ZߵſڵʱѾʰɾſڵˡ
ṦнŶξ٭Z᰽ſ֮ǰЦšŵֻúһһġ
޲μүү޼ξ٭ZᰵæӵվǱߣֱӡ
˵ˡĪϧһޣȻͷξ٭Z˵޲ˣԣԸͬԷԸ⣬ҲԲø񡣡
С㣬ҪΪѵĿĪϧ
԰ޣһԷɣʵҲûôصġңԺҪһˣѹϵദҲ鷳ģ𣿡ξ٭Z˵仰ʱ۾ƮĪϧ
Īϧע⵽Ŀ⣬֪ξ٭Z᰾ԲǺǵģɴ൱ûˡ
ĸ֮ĪϧʵĳǣϾξ٭ZᰵǰԾһ㡣һֱԱߵĵްһ㡣
ˣţZᰣҿô𣿡Īϧֻһ㶫ѣԣǿ˵˵ġ
ףϴ㲻ǵнйôˣξ٭ZЦŻش
˳ܰ쵰ĪϧвĿξ٭Zһۡ
ˣôжУϧξ٭ZᰵȻЦţ۾ؿĪϧĪϧһĻš
ĪϧһС֮󣬴ȵ㲻׼ôЦ
С㣡εһĪϧ䡣
ԭһֱشһԣΪӣԼεŭѹֶһֱƵ̲סЦ
ʱξ٭ZᰲҪһѣǿĪϧ˵֪Ϊ㳳ˡ
Īϧܿ˽⵽ξ٭Zᰵָ˭һһ˵
ģôΪҳܣ
һµıǰ˵Ļඣ
˵ҵĻǾͻñˣϲˡ
ǵĹϵ޺ڲ׼ԭˣô죿
ѽ湻ģôҪǱʵʵصǸôأҼҵ޿Ǻܴ󷽵ġ
ţǸ⣬ǲ֪޻᲻ԭأ
ǰ᲻أ
ξ٭Z᰺Īϧ˵ĺ죬޸žȫôˡ
ιģǵ˵ʲôİ׼ˡ
޺侲վҳԱˣλá˵ž˳ȥ
ŴվҪҲ˸ɾ
ι·̺ˣҼҵ޿һƢҪɲװĪϧ߳Զ˵š
ŶʶĻشһִܿǿ˭ҪȥҳԱˣ
ŶĪϧξ٭Zͬʱ˵ڳŷû
үˣҪȥɢˡ
ߣ˺ࡣ
죬һ뿪ֲԸߵôԣǣŤŤ뿪˷
ŸߵſڣĪϧξ٭Z᰾ͬʱЦŵһֵ˳ȥȥͷҲصܿˡ
һߣԭֵҲʧˡ
ĪϧڳŶٶȲξ٭ZûʲôʳѾȫˡ
ԽԽΣĪϧеĿӣ˵ι˵Щʲôɣأ
Ǻǣô˵Щʲôأ
㲻ҪҰĪϧε˵㲻Ǻܻôڶ˵ġ
Ǹһ֪˵Щʲôˡξ٭ZʵĻش
ʲô˼Īϧõ˵
ǣֻǾã̫񣬸˵ڻ̽ң˵ʲôԷ֪˼˵ûξ٭Z᰿Īϧһ˵ⷬ
ĪϧĬһᣬջظղƤ飬˵⣬ȻҲôģ޸ǲǴأ̫һ°
˫ֳĬһӣ֮Īϧһ䣺ιҪǾôһ᲻ۣ
Űɣôڼ޸ˣ
еأĪϧҡҡͷЦ˵ҵĳûҼҵĺóԡ
ŶҪҪһҵգξ٭Z΢Ц˵ȴĪϧֻӱ⣬ͬģԼҲȥԡ
ˣĪϧһڴţıξ٭Z᰾úܺЦ
ôţҵջǲŶξ٭Zر֤ȻЦ˵ҪҪȥһ³
㲻ῪЦɣĪϧŰɵĿξ٭Zᰡ
ŶȰѳ֧ȥҿϣ±˿ξ٭Z᰻ɢջĪϧһˡ
ãţ˵Īϧͼæ˳ȥԼĴξ٭Zǰչ¶ɡ



 һ˵δ3
棬ֻʣξ٭Z᰺Īϧˡ
ôȫȥģξ٭Z᰺š
ƭǳȥǺܼ򵥵顣Īϧе˵ֻǸںԺڷǮǶȥ
ҪǶô죿
ģںԺ˳ǿ㣬ֻҪһھͿˣʱǻزġĪϧξ٭Zᰣʵ㲻Ҫ˵ģŪģ
ȷξ٭ZϵĴȫһӦôڳˡưɫĳۣȴŽɫĺ⣬ϸĻɫȫһЩҲ˲Ĵ壬ЩõĽȫǶƽÿһǧżȻܵõһ˿𣬶˿壬ʱصĺͻὫ̣һͣںĴ۹£ɹһ죬˿𽫻Ϊõķϣˮ֣ңǹ롣ôѶȵ˿˾ܵһɽӽͼµһ幤ǳʵˮ׼ڸղŽϵĴ岻Ƿǳʱġ
Īϧ۷Ź⣬ξ٭ZϵӵĴжĪϧûʲôעˣǶԲƸֱĪϧ֪ӾǼֵơ
ϲϲĻһҪκνŶξ٭ZѾʼʳˡ
ι·óȥǮ
ǺǣͲҪȥˣĻ»ʵ۶޷𡣡ξ٭Zڴʳģ˵仰ʱȫûһ˿飬⵹Īϧòˡ
⡭ô·ҪһĪϧӿۣһڿˮ˰ɣȻ˵ҪңҪĶһǲҪˣ̫ˣ˯˯ŵġ
㻹ܲ˵ĶͲܡξ٭ZеĲѾ¹ˣһҪһģ·һǴ·ģСܶ࣬Ҫ̫ˣǳġ
ǡǳ̫ԾˣĪϧǲ˼飬һлҪأǲǣȻʵۻҪǮ
ţЩһῴʱǲҪġξ٭ZЦ˵۾ȴû뿪еĳףһұ㡣ҸǼ·û£޸ѾһʱˣѾʼܵвˡһ·ٿԸһݵİȫ·ǵǹı
ʲô⡭׼𾪵ξ٭Zʲô˼ǲԾ侲Īϧ֪ξ٭Z᰻еЩٵı侲ΪʲôôŵҵҸȥμӾۻᣬ˵طѸ뿪ԭ˰ɣ
ţܱǸǣǳᷢ飬ϾҵӣˣҪԼʶ
Īϧ˺ǲ⣬˵ôпĻʱ򣬾Ȼ治ɫ΢ЦȻĪϧⷬ⣬Ҳ΢Ц˵ҶҲвµˡʵ޸ʱ͵ˣЩ飬Ҽ鲻һȴܼ򵥾͵õϢ˵ǼȴҲǶ򵥣ֻжɱֲܵõϢξ٭Zᰵˣؽ⵽ʿļ׷ɱ
ŶɱҲŰǲ򵥰
㲻Ǹ˲ұΪ˭ڰб㡣ڿһжԼڱԼİȻڳҰϵڲڣڽĵλ˵ǲǺֲܴܿȴһ˿˲ĪϧпƵ˵ֲܾܿ΢еأ
ȷܴأ΢ҵ󣬵أ֮ǰξ٭Z᰺ȻͷЦĺܲãԷˡ
һӵķѾϳһСˣ˵ٶȻ᲻һ㰡ĲһܼҳĲȡȴһ˿ײĵҸ档
ҵడĪϧСϣͷŵ棬һ߰Լ࣬һ汧Թţʲôһ𣿡
ôˣΪ㻹ûгԱġξ٭Z᰺ĿĪϧ־ٶ
ûûʲôĪϧһ˿Цݣֱ塣ܿͱʳɢζˣ۾ֱĶԿЩˣȥ񲻴
԰ɣξ٭ZԼȼһ˷ŵԼܺóԵġ
ĪϧҲͲٿڴڵĳ񣬴ûгԹôóԵţҲúóԵġ
𣿺ܸϲξ٭Z᰿ȥܸˡ
Īϧһ߳ԣһͷҲ̧ĵ˵ϧһүҪȻһһҾ¥㵱ۣԭǶãǣúó԰
ǺǣʹҲүڳ𣿡
Īϧһ£۾ʳתξ٭ZᰵϣȻξ٭Zᰶһ£˵˵Ҫôˣ΢һԾòã
ֻǿһۣʲôϵξ٭ZᰱĪϧȵķӦЦˡ
Цɣߣ˵Īϧֵͷǣܻ᲻Ծ͵͵ξ٭Zᰣֹţ˵ʵǲ̫ܡ˵Զҳһ㻹в˻³ġξ٭Z᰿ȥôһȾôˣȻһ㶼ûմ̵Ϣڽʽһô˰Χţȴһֲڷĸоĺ
Ȼһ˼͵͵ǲǣҪؿңһӿĵġξ٭Z䲻ĵ٩Īϧ
˭ڿ㰡ĪϧȻӦĴǿǺܿͺˣôôøһˣ
ξ٭ZֻЦûмŭΪĪϧѵһĿ΢еһ˿ޡĪϧ΢һ㣬ΪһֱǷȱһЩɫɫ٣һ޵ġ
ĪϧԼȻôʧ̬ʶˣͿʼԼ׼˵ЩʲôתĪϧע
ˣô˰ȫصģﲻкܺõĻĲ𣿡Īϧʡ
СʱһģġǻĲϻŪҵ֣ŲҪء
ŶԭСʱôֵһС˰
ϲĲ𣿡ξ٭Z᰺Ȼʡ
ĪϧֵĿһξ٭ZᰣȻξ٭ZᰵСһһ˿ڴԾİڳһ΢Ц˵ţܺóԣҺϲ
ܺóŶϲأСһĻͻȻξ٭ZᰵԺһģŮˣ΢ЦĶԭZ˵仰
ξ٭Zѿڶ԰
Īϧξ٭ZͻķӦסˡ
ξ٭ZͻȻЦȻǲܵˣƭġҽԲҪ˵𰡣
ǵģôϲ˿ģĪϧװ˵
ˣ뿪ˣʣµ㸺꣬ʳ˵ӦòģʰɾҪºۼ֪𣿡ξ٭ZеĿӣǵһҪúʰ
ʲôˣô˼һЩ
ξ٭ZͷҲص˵ѳһôζļȣӦõİɣкԺЩˣԼ취ɣ΢ȥһᡣ
ξ٭Zᰣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣĪϧĵĴУʵ᲻ʣµķˣֻؿξ٭Z뿪ˡ
ξ٭Z᰺ܿͿӰˡĪϧüͷײ
ΪԼĲЦţȻεĺܺãǾȻôң治ƽʱξ٭ZᰣǲǴʲôĵˣҲкܶ಻Ĺȥ
֮߳ξ٭ZǿаԼӱ˵˳ߵ˽ϣԶĿŸ޵޺ѾôˣһǰŻǱŤŤظšһѶġ
ξ٭Zûǰȥкƹ룬ȥ
˵޳ȥ֮Ҳ˳ȥʵţĵﲢţȻСҲˣξ٭ZҲûΪС㣬ǾԭǾôԭֺܲģթӦ˶ãвĶʡһˡһֱ벻ͨͷβ˵˶ԼΪʲôԼҪΪСš
ιߺòã޲Ŀźš
ڼʹҲûˡֵİûа취ˡ
ɶΪʲôүҪѾᶫﱧԹţһڴһ׼Ķڵϡ
޺׾ͿĶ˵ЩһĲֵĻͶˣЩүǲںǵͶġ˵Щүˡ
㡭űôһûжֻǺĽеҲòȫðɣ㲻ֵܹģ
öô˵Ǻܲƽ˵ŰϵһóһڳԶû취ֵˡ
˵ʲôޣ㲻ҪңŶݺݵв˵š
㲻ҪҰɣһνı飬ҪǸҴңһӶҪһԭ㣡
˭Ҫԭ°ֻż·İæѣ
޸ųòɿʱΧŮǾ෢̾ξ޵ߡ
Ǻֵӣôڴ泳ܿǲŶ
ƽƽүū澲μү޵Ѿ͸ˣæΰݡ
һԵŲûκδкֻǺݵޡһûǿ
ʲôŭصš
ߣǻĶ𣿡ͷһҲһʵ̫òˣξǰ
첻ˣͲܿһ㣿
߾ˣһֻޣ˿ûֵļ
ξ岢ûΪŵŭֻǲ²˵ȥȲ裬Բ𣿡
Ȳ裬ôģ׻ˣǲԭZһЩʲôſȥܼȴһֱѹԼȥ޶֪ôˡ
ξܿŵ׷ʣʣޣԸһȲô
˭Ҫһȥ˵žͽǿˡ
һһ߳ţǳԸıߣҪͷξǸŸûи˵ʱ䡣
Űߣξ¶Ȳõ飬ŵ൱ޡ
ڣŰߺԶȷξûӴ֮ˡ
ûòļһ㵽ʲôĳŴѵһμ˧үȴƻˡ
´ξԲӽˣ֪֪һﲻʲôˡŻһܵͳ
ʲô˼үǵˣô˵úܻ
ûֱӻشתƻ˵ȥˡ
ͣڶ
ôЩô죿ʾ̧һ±ŵĶǸղġ
޿ѶŮǰ˵˵Ҳͣû˵ͣ
ŲǺ˽仰˼
һܲ˽״ӣ޺ܻ󣺡ү
޾ʹͷˣžںš˾һ·޻һǰһ߻ƽ
ξ٭Zȥ˴ϵһ¾ǵ״΢һ֮߳˴
ξ٭Z᰿ʽǰţȫûע⵽ӭ߹ˡ˽߽ڿҪܴξ٭Zᰵʱξ٭Zڸоغѹξǰ
֡ξ٭Zս˫֣άϵ΢Ц
ʵܵĺأֻǲҪֵطȽϺáξޱ˵ţǰߣ˲䣬ξüޱȡ
Ҫ̫ӽǸŮˣҪԼˣԶֻһ˵ˡ



 һ˵δ4
ξ٭ZᰵͷۣÿֻҪξ嶼ķӦЩٴԵǻξ٭ZᰵĵĳǳǹξǺ׵ľͿԻľξ٭Z᰾Ȼ־塣
ξ٭ZڴϣֵĴ֣ξ٭ZᰵоԵǿһˡԭξ٭ZڴҲά΢ЦģȻǹӣȴ˲׽·ϵǺܴ󵨵ĿѵһӢӡȻڵξ٭ZֻǾúۣ֪ڼʹ΢ЦҲûκκô¶һ˿ıԡ·ϵֻҪһӽе޴ĺ⣬һ۶һǷ׷ױ֮Ŀбӡ
أôͻȻôˣһ֪ξ٭ZᰵĶξ٭Z̧ͷһȻ
ιһôˣ¶ôֲı顣ߵξ٭Zǰξ٭Zᰵɫʣ㲻ξ˰ɣҸղǸһˣǼһ˵ʲô𣿡
ûʲôξ٭Z᰺ܿشһ֮󣬻ָºͱ顣
˵һﰡεؿξ٭Zһۣһû޵ƣʹǺı飬żһԼʲôõġ
ξ٭Z᰺Դһȭſ£˵㲻ʺĻװˡ
ܣżشӵϱںüơ
ξ٭ZĴڣֱǰǰ߱˵㲻Ǹ޳ȥôһ
ŷ߷ߵ˵ߣǸѾߣԶʶһµĳ
ǣѵð԰׳Ҳѧϰʲô
жĥɱ˵

㲻֪𣿾һһ֮ϰѰǸ˼ҵ˵仰ġ
ŵĽͣξ٭Zͷֿʼͷˣ찡֪ӦöڴġǸжĥɱ¿¿ĥ𣿡
ĥʲôϵŲʡ
ǸѧʶԨĵҪÿˣҲø͡㻹Ǹ˵˵ôжĥȻɱֻİɣ
ǸСѾһѶȫñүǮҪүãҰûȥ֮󣬽үŶûȥͱڴˡ˵ʲô̫ˣҪǸҴҾԲԭ㣬ʹС˵ҲУ
ʲôˣ
ʲôֻǸΣյξǿд߰ˡŮһ㶼˽˵ıɣ¹ˣ̫ˡ
˵޸ξΰݣξ٭Zע⵽£Ҳ˵֪ξݣ
ţȷ֪ôµġһͲΰˣ֣ôʶģŻ˵
ô˵ξѾӴĪϧˡȥʱҵһĪϧˡξ٭Zţȴͷ˵ȥɣˡ
㲻ȥԷ𣿡źеʧ
ţȥҼʹһȥҲһһȥģ޵Ҳٲˣġˣ߰ɡ
˭˭˵ȥ˰ǻؼ߾ˡǴ˵е߳ŭ˰ɡ
ţξ٭ZͻȻס߿ţҼҵķ򡣡
֪ˣ
ƽ棬Īϧʰ֮˵Ϲı¸ԺЩǽ͡
ȣĪϧ㳷֮󣬵ȼʹѵҩ㣬ڴѹ֮ǰװ˯ĵںԺ档
˵Ŷղү﷢Ǯģ˵ǽǵҿ๤Ϊʲô᲻أҲ֪Ϊʲôһ;úȻ˯ˡǺܲ˼ء
㲻ƭǰɣô˵Ҳ̫˼ˡɵ
ǣ̫ˣϴκ׷һҹ˯һ磬ô죿ϹܼҲ˵˵ܼҲͦùģΪүںԺǮҲֵͦģҪһ£СԼҲ˯ˣʱСĿĵϵһСʯͷˣͷһ
Ҳ֪ϴθǴ˺ô鷳Ǵֻ̫ˣȻֱһȺ׷ֻƴܣҶ۵²ˣүȥӦ꣬Ƕкú˯ĲǡҲ˵ѵģĲ֪ô¡Ұɣ˵ⷬʱĪϧίޱȣ˫۾ϵ֤һ˲ȥǣΧǶɵĿ˳һ¹ܼҡĪϧԼԤϷչǽȥ˵ʵҲֻ֪ΪĴңԲŻңܼ̫ԲġԣҺ𣿡
ʱһСѾߺʲôгĵиһš
ʲôŰĪϧװĽӹţŵȻĪϧһĶˡдʲôҿҿɰŮΪʵǺģ׼ƭ棬㰡ξ٭ZںԺǮΰ˵ѵģ͸ģݵϵȡ㣬˯찡ǸɶͷȻ飬Բ˴ң˵ǮģһԲȻǸܲ񻰵ĸãǣҲҪеΡԣҰɡ
µȻĪãܵһԣĪԳѡһ˲ڣ޶֤ĪйľǰƣȽţĪϧĸȤѡ
ڴĪϧĿԣҲȫЩ֮Īϧѭѭ֮£ʵʵػȥˣұ֤Ժ󶼲ټˡЧǣĪϧֳɹĳˡ
Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬һеĹȥĪϧڳŵģްһѶͻˡ
СС㣬æ
Īϧ״ȥ֣ѶźԺ󣬿޵ЩսƷ̾СӻǵùҪǼǮ϶Ʋ˰ɣ
ҪŸ֣󣡡
Сˣǲԣһ֪ôˡĪϧһ޵սƷѡԼҪĶһʡ
ҺòײּһǸ˧磬쵰Ȼôİ˧ǻˡ
ʲô˧ô˲ֵСô˵Ȼû꣬һСĶ鵽ˡ
ϴ԰ƽүǵ𣿡
ĪϧϵĶξ壿
ǰ쵰ȻүԲѷǹ֡
ǸŶ˵ʲôˣĪϧһ±úʣϵĹҲͣ
˵ʲôҲ̫ǵˣ˧ΣյˣԶһ㣬ĺֵġ
ĪϧĬһᣬ˵ޣȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪô˵ûĻˣξ壬ûһˡ
СҲô˵ξʲô
ô֪Ÿ㲻ǿ㿴ξ̫飬ԴŶ
˵ʲôôܵģҰ˵ˣֻǴ˧ѣûôš޲ĪϧһۣȻ˵С㣬ξ٭ZᰵĹϵչˣϾԺҪһֱദȥķһֱİһɲð
ţչĻаɣǽǲˡĪϧֽſʼѰԼҪĶˡ
С㻹һ㶼ôȥһӶСˡޱʾǵ˵
ǺǣǺҰ޸ǰɣĪϧвĿһۣξ٭ZҸıˣҪǰϷ׽ˣһ̫ˡңֱңòҪ̫Σյġ
˵仰ʱĪϧϲһ˿ˡ
⻹أʲôãֻҪԼҪͿˡͼתĪϧע˳ĪϧֿǶѶãôС㣬ʣµĶˡ
ҵģġǷݺõģ
ţС۹һ򲻴ЩӦþǾƷˣлˣҲĪϧв޴ԼĶˡ
㡭̫ƻ˰ɣĪϧĵں溰šĪϧΪʲôСѾͷŶ
ԺĪϧüͷ嵽һξ٭Zᰵ飬Īϧһֱúܲ˼顣ڳξ٭Z᰾Ȼ¶ôʵһ档ֻֻ꼻һְˣԺֻӦǲܵˡ뵽Īϧһ˿Ȼʧıˡ
ͲǣˣͺܺˡĪϧ
죬ȻĪϧµһξ٭Z᰹Ȼûлҵڶ죬ξ٭Z᰻Ժ󣬳ĪϧԽӽξ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôĻоͻȻ֮Զöࡣ
֮ξ٭Z᰸Ƶĳ¥Ĵ棬Ȼÿ춼лǶǺˡȻǲԸϣǣξĻξ٭Zᰵл²СӰ졣
ĪϧϴӢľۻЧҲ¶ˣĪϧҲʼƵĲμһЩСǵľۻᣬչԼ̵ĿԴʵҲĪϧԸĿ˿ʼӡ
˸æԼ飬мĻᣬʹżҲ˵׻ѡʱǱһͬȥˣÿεʱ˲Ż»һ˴֮Ҹֻ
ƺܵˣֻԾӪԼδİ˶ѡ



ڰ ɱĽ1
Ǭξ٭ZʶĹ֮һմ飬صξ٭ZЯ˲μӡĪϧ͸ξ٭ZǬĸϱһ˿ˣǬҲһֱΪģξ٭Zȴ֪ǬʵһˡˣǬлύξ٭Zᰡ
Z֣ˣξ٭Z᰸սţǬͺܸ˵ƲĿ˼˹ɩҲˡ
ţӣϲˣĪϧ΢ξ٭Zᰵϣ΢Цף⸱ģǬһӿˣԴϴξ٭ZᰵĻϿĪϧ֮ǬһֱܾĪϧòһֱźΪʲôԼ֪ǾȻһλŮӡĪϧްԼ´һ£ǽͷ޵ϸĵٴһǳȹϴζһ˿ĵĳС
ξ٭Z᰿Ǭʧֻ̬ǬᣬֻÿڻעǬҲмҵˣԺ󲻺ǳȥˡ
ǬεջԼߣξ٭Zᰵϣȴξ٭Z᰽ҲͬƽЩɢͷø룬ϵһǳɫ쳤ۣİɫϵļŴ̵Ǭһˣòϣ˵ȷ൱İ䡣
ǬڨڨЦһ£ֽܿ޶˵ķ֮Ժ˵Z֣ôǸƨû
Ǻǣǣֻҷ˵СѾſڳأξ٭Z᰺ЦؿߵĪϧһۣĪϧҲĿ΢Ц
ܣΪʲôǬ̽
ĵ飬ˣ֣ȥкĿ˰ɣҴϧ㿴ͺãξ٭ZǬ
ţǭZ־ԱˡǬһ־뿪ˡ
Ǭ뿪Ժ󣬺ܿξ٭ZֱһЩʶĿ˰Χξ٭Z᰺ĪϧܴݵӦ棬˵ٲȻһҸ۵СޡĪϧξ٭Zȫǰ˸ӴŵĹϵ
Īϧ֮䣬ЩˣĪϧξ٭ZᰴЩ˵ļƼʲôĵ̸ʲôˣ߸ɴڿԺ˭ξ٭ZᰶЩûжȤ沢ûжֵõĹϵһ߷ŻشһЩԻһ߹۲ЩʶˣǷֵýύġѡ
ʱĪϧڴⳳòɿ
糿ǰƽ׼Ϊξ٭ZѡţӦξ٭ZᰵҪ󣬱ϾܻʶһЩҪˣҲһ͵ĪϧķΪĪϧװˣһھһ¶Էȵʱʱĸſھͷˡ
һĪϧֱؾȥĪϧϵװ磬ϸһ֮ȻܲģŻǲòϣ޵װķǳɫӦñԼҪԣǸԼһҲͬһ£Ÿξ٭ZᰴķװҲʵһֱֻиŮױ磬ȴûжţŲ˼֡
ϧ㼸Ưأξ٭Z˵ĵĪϧɫӺˡ
Īϧξ٭ZᰵͺͿһ֬ɼĺˣȻ˵Zң˭ֻ˵ÿģ
ξ٭ZֻЦһЦ˵ţŵˮ׼ƺرĸߣΪҫ˰ɣ˵ʾĿһۡ
ע⵽۹⣬Զԡ
ŵǼˣ˵һֱôˮ׼ģҲӲҫ
һ㳤ûУԽԽڰĪϧ˵Цš
׼̾ͻػȻÿű۸ͦģԼϾ֮һ᲻Ƕ˵Ҫ뷢ûϵٲ߾Ҫˣ
ĪϧԶذ޵ΪΪŽΧĳ޿һۣ۽⣬ξ٭Z˲Ļ㱡
ǻ˵ɣξ٭ZȽⳡ̸
֮󣬴Ҷ˵ЩʲôźȻһЩʲô˵ZᰣҵңĪϧڵĹϵôˣǲǻ쵽棬ȥ¥ܲġ
ξ٭Züëһ˵ôشģ
Ҿ˵㻹Ǹǰһûʲôı䰡ȫûҸĻл
ξ٭Z᰺Īϧһͬ̾һεξ٭ZĪϧżǻȥΣÿȥֳ۵ӣŵһǰǵŬȫٵˡ
㻹ĺûӰЦ˵ȴŵĻش⡣޶Īϧ뷨Ȼ˽⣬ĵĻĪϧһҸ⣬ǿˣҪ䷢չȥ˸㲻һӶ䲻ȵģסһˡҸ϶ǻִߴ˵ˡ
ȫûжһ仰ŵĶͲôһˡ
ʲô˼ûأź˵
ûӣĪϧҲˣξ٭Z᰺ܺ׸һȷ˵
ң˵ʲô𣿡ԵеίС뷢Īϧûˣҹƽ͸ҲˡĪϧʼԼͷˡ
޻̲סЦ
Цʲôߣ϶ڼʱүĲŻСװ磬ҪɱүֵĻ϶Ҫÿһǧ˵Ż̧߰ͷȻ˵仰ѿڶģҲԼһ˲Ϊ޵ļɱ߶ĺ֢
˵Ҽ㣿ˣ˵仰ԼҲԼļɲңѰƽǰɣ
èȵβ͡ź˵СѾߣ뱾ү㣡
⸱ޣ޲ʾĻصǣү˲һ£ǰ;Ĵү
СѾͷԽԽˣǰ;Ҳһǰ;Ѿ߰ˡ
ڵĪϧξ٭ZᰶЩƺһоûУҲû˿Ȱ˼ԽԽˡ
СѾͷСѧģһضûС
ҿǸξ٭Zѧģ첻¥Ǿ¥һĶûУ
ߣѹСƷζôԭǸѧģ
һں棬Ϊʲôξ٭ZᰵĴ綼ôײͣԭĽ
ⲻԼ飡Īϧξ٭Z˾ЩЩѾɹİ˴²ؼŬˡξ٭Zᰱ۾Īϧƴ̫Ѩ
ʻڵȫûֹͣ˼Ѿĵزˡ
һ֪ӪôһСѾ߳İҲպãҪ̫ˣ
ǣλүӪʣðͣ߸ӵͺ
С۾ı
Ǵ͵
ˣĪϧһŭ𣬺ͿʼԼ̫Ѩ
֮ǰ׼ξ٭ZᰶͷѾֱˣܺƽ˳İ仰˵
˵Īϧξ٭Z᰽ȥˣһߣһߵԼ顣
µź޶ԿһۣȽеͷֲĳѾͷĴ
üëëıǿɶ񣡡˵˵Ĺ۲ϸ
˾վһֱڣ·ǶפۿʱĶһְ
˳ûƲ˵Īϧξ٭ZᰣʱǬѾȥˡ
ˡ˵İɣ
Ǻǣʣ׼ôӦҸĪϧֻ̯ơ
ʦֻٹȥһμˣʦȽϺƭξ٭Z˵ţֻ˾еͷˣŮһĺܡ
Ǳһȥ˵ģӦòΪǡ
ţǵʱܻеξ٭ZͻȻЦš
Īϧؿξ٭Zᰣ˵ʲô˼
ʦٺƭҲһôʱ϶ǹһҹǽһҰ
Īϧʶһ㣬ξ٭Zһ룬˵ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ֻи׼ѡξ٭Zע⵽Īϧܺ죬޵ɫ촽Ҳǽ޵ĺܣЦģǻǲòתȥ⣬ûҵаˣ
Īϧûע⵽ξ٭Zᰵش𣺡Ǻǣмֻǲ࣬ǵⶼĺܴʱӦòŵˡأһֱڶģʲô𣿡
㵹ǹ۲ϸֻǾе㷳ѡ
˵ˡͻȻȺɧӽˡۣҪˣȥ
Īϧûξ٭ZᰣǰȺϣӽţ裬ɹǰá
һأݸã޶԰ݣ
ÿһĪϧ˷ܵĽţȥȸԾĪϧʱֻһĲΰݣһֵĻ磬ȫûЩʽڼ˺˷ܰɡξ٭ZԶĲǺУǰһ㣬Īص޷ǰ
ǸŮҸıעˣϣܽҰҲǿδģһ˵δõģԶõġĻξ٭ZѸٵĻعͷȥ
ʲôҲûУĵȷȷڣξ塣
һ˫۾ֱؿξ٭Zᰣδ֪˫ۣСֻǹһ˿ЦֻЦѣǳݣеΣеֲڴ
ξ٭ZͻȻĺܿ죬ֱξϵĺëȫþֳ֮صѹȸͻȻʧˣξ٭Z̲סһ֡һ˫סξ٭ZᰵΣξ٭Z᰿ȥӭϵĪϧ˫еѯ
Ҳǿδģһ˵δõģԶõġ
ƺħһ仰ξ٭ZؿĪϧĵ΢Цˣӡ
ĪϧһħڿҪʱĪϧع񣬺ݺݵƿξ٭ZᰣȻε˵ǸҪҪߣ
Īϧ˷·𱻿ˮ̹һˣ̧ͷξ٭Zᰣֻͷ۸ӵˡ
͵ƿ֮ξ٭ZһɵԼΪȫ⡣ҶĪϧһֱͷȫûпξ٭Zᰣûзִ˿ξ٭Zʵ죬ʵĻҡξ٭ZǿʹԼתעǿʹԼ˸ղŵ飬һоδ
ôˣξ٭ZĪϧһ˿ζԡ
Īϧξ٭Zᰵ̧ͷξ٭ZᰴָֻٶеˡôˣǶ˵Ҫô𣿡˵գݺݵزξ٭Zһš
һȥξ٭ZᰵûʲôĪϧҡһ¡Īϧվȣξ٭Z˵ˣȻȥˣԼȥˡ
˵žͷҲصˡξ٭ZؿĪϧıӰܾЩԾﲻԾȫ˵ξ٭ZֻǿһƿԼߣҾ
ûע⵽ɣǰװĺܣʵȴԶǡξ뿪ֵ˵۾ǺĵƮԷ
ĪϧߵſʱΧ۵·ѾɢˣֻţѾۣܵͣǻ˵ޡ
һ£߻ţҪһΣҪһʮжһΣҪʮֱӻΣÿΰʮ¡
ޣ㲻˱ɣĪϧȵĿޡһĿĲŮһĪϧ֪ģϴĪϧȻ˱һԵġû뵽ǰĪϧ˷ⱾȤ˱Ǿ͸޿һΣû뵽ô޾ͼסˣһôǰ;ĵط档
ǡ޻ͷһĪϧȴŻˣС㣬㡭
Īϧ̧ʾ޲Ҫ˵ȥˡ
С㣬ǻȥɣǰĪϧӶô
һͷˮرſڣͽȥξ٭Zȥˡ



ڰ ɱĽ2
һͷˮرſڣͽȥξ٭Zȥˡ
ŵӵĴ֮һ۾ҳξ٭Zᰵλá
ڣξ٭ZᰵΧܿգһȫĿռ䣬ξ٭Zᰴ˿̻ɢһϢýǲѵþۼҪʧöˡ
㣬û°ɣſξ٭Zᰣĵһ䡣
ξ٭Zʶʱ֮ĺһ㣬û˵ʲô
̽ԵƵξ٭Zᰵǰ棬ξ٭Z沿ıŻˡû˵ʲôֻ뿪ҵǬһЦ֮󣬰ξ٭Zᰴ
ξ٭Zᰵƽˣһ㱡ξ٭ZŲǵһοҲǺþûпˡζţξ٭Zںܷ꣬ʱ˵ǵξ٭Zһ˿һζ°Ӱжȹ
ξ٭Zش֮ں¡ղԼ粻Ǽ緢֣һĸξ٭ZᰵĽⳡϲͲһʲôˡ
·ϣ͵͵ξ٭Z᰺öۣԥ˰֮ʵǸZᰣôˣ
ûлش
˿ں棬һֱڰ찡׷ʲôˣ˭ܸҰ֪ҾͲҪſڸ˵ôϻˣĪϧղųҲǲԾģʲôɣ찡
͵͵ξ٭Z᰺üۡ
ʲô𣿡ξ٭ZͻȻſڣˡ
ûûûʲôŻæվֱԥſڣǸǲ
ûУܸɴĻش𡣿ȴԵĸܵŭŲŲˡ
˺ܾ֮ξ٭Zȿˣ˵ţûоҺܱ˵Ļ
ûУôܣԲܣţǿɲʱ˵ֻϵЦЦ˵ᰡ㻹Ǻġ
ôξ٭Zֲ˵ˡԭĪϧԺξ٭ZᰶԼղŵĳ嶯еܺڣ޶˵Ժξ뵽ԼΪξĻ˾裬г˲ʡξ٭Z˵һֳ裬Ҵǰʼξ٭ZᰶξĻûʲôֿҲξ٭Zηξԭ֮һΪξѣʼųĪϧΪξȰ棬ĪϧһԳøУһֿܵĸо˺ܲˬǣԼȴΪһ䡰Ҳǿδģһ˵δõģԶõġоϲ£Ӳ֪Īϧˡ
һԵſξ٭ZᰵɫĪ⣬ŸղԼǲ˵ʲôĻŵİ
Ǹţξ٭Zͻһŵֹͣ˰죬Ӳ˼ǣξ٭Z᰽˵ûӦĪϧദȽϺʣ
һƺܽڵһʱ˵ˡ
ˣʵġ
ƺһ˲俴ξ٭ZӣֱΪһþȻ˰֮žƽ˵ദʲôģ˳۾Ͷã˳۾Ͳˣ
ǣʵǣദĹϵȻԥξ٭Z᰻ǰ⻰ʳˡ
ŶŶĪϧš˵ˣ¾ǵˣҲѸоԼѾ˰ɣţžҵһԷһ˯棬Īϧܼ飬žӰɡû飬ҲǺ
Ҳʵ˰ɣ⣬ұȽϰ׳հξ٭Zᰰ˵
ʲô˼ţгǱξ٭Zᰵһ̾Ϣ˻ȥ
֮ξ٭Zֱӻƽȥˣе֪ĪϧڵɡǣŸոջصͿĪϧˣżӡ
ˣãһ˳ȥءĪϧһξ٭Z᰾˵
ξ٭Z᰺ȻĪϧȻеţʲô𣿡
СӵĴĪϧݺݵصһۣ˵ôϻϵǽȥԷ
ξ٭Zᰲûж⣬ֻǿڵĪϧе֣ξ٭ZҲ˵塣ˣ֮ȥɡ
ţðɣˡĪϧε˵
ʱһԵ̲סֱüͷ˵С㣬Ҫ㻹Ǹү˵ȥɣ컹˰ɣ㲻Ǻ𡭡
û£㲻ҪϹˣĪϧֹ޼˵ȥ
ǲʲô鰡ξ٭Zܾе㵣ģ۾һֱĪϧҳʲô˵ǲ岻
Һܺðǲ˵ˣĪϧȻ΢ЦţȷʵĪϧôʲôˣ˵ȥһֱѪɫʱԵþˡ
ʱһԵŹ۲ξ٭Zᰰ֮ڳһ̫ˣZ᰻ָˣ찡Ӷһٵġ
ˣţҼҵĴѣʲôʱĪϧȻһֱشһߵʡֻתξ٭Zᰵעѡ
˵ҲʲôûǮˣֻһֱϰԵȥξ٭ZҵĴţԼָ벻ѵ顣ʱһãʾͶˣȵʶµʱѾſԴһʷˡÿʱʵͦԼϵһ̰ٵġ
Ȼ˵סʹŵ̰ڳһΪ޹ı˵ʵҲû߻ţҸZ᰹ϵôþ˰ɣ𣿡
ѹͲ⣬⸱޹ıʵǺܲʺǲÿֻǣֻ˸۸ѡǣ˭ҲûнųΪξ٭ZᰵעûбɹתƣɿĪϧĪϧҲŵϣԼҪ¶ʲôźáǺܵĵһֱעԼС㣬Ըûд
һûԼȻʧˣֹΪʲôҶû۸Űģ
ĸ˾͸ԻԼ˼ǰȥˡ
ʻͿҪʱĪϧڻ̲סξ٭ZС˵ҪǼôȥ㲮ٱҲÿˣ
ţ˵ʲôξ٭ZᰱĪϧͻȻľٶһʵĪϧΪξ٭ZһֱԼԵʣͲ̧ͷξ٭ZᰣҲһֱûз֣ξ٭Z᰿һֱǻɢġξ٭ZֻǽĿסĪϧ֮һֱڿŮദˡ
ǡ
ξ٭ZԼʽ΢Цú˵㿿ô˼ǹϵҲа
˻һĪϧַߣ˾ʾһ񺮣ݺݵشһξ٭Z᰻ҵĽһлָƽʱξ٭Z᰸еΪ
ڼȻ״̬֮µξ٭ZڿĪϧһ˲䣬һ׿˵ξ٭ZᰶǰŮʲô˽⣬ԼҲ޷ʵӦ̬Ⱥͷȥ˽Īϧˣȴмַ̽ҾȻϣԼֻһҲãĪϧʶԼȴֲĪϧǰ¶ԡǺìܵ뷨ǾڸղĪϧһ˲䣬ξ٭ZᰵһеĪϧǾͺȻͨˣԼȻô붼벻ô⣬ô˳ȻˣôԾͿʱԼˡ
Īϧʵһֱ֪ģʱξ٭ZǲģȵģǺڷʲôξ٭Zᰵıǽһ⡣ξ٭Zƺ˲ٵı飬ĪϧҲʶһԶһ֮˵ǻָǰɣ
ţеͷˡ
ǾͺãҾͲʲô֮ˡ
ǺǣǾԲṼһλ˵ڴġ
˵ЩʲôƺϵĲŶξ٭ZᰰͻˡȻǵĵؿĪϧ˲١
ȵ֮󣬹ȻҸͳڴˣһǵ˵ٴҴҸҲ͵ȺڴˣȥһĲ鲻Ըı飬ǱҸǿģҪȻӲŲôĵֶ˵ġ
ԴĪϧξ٭ZһţҸ߾û뿪ˣԼһ۶û
ZᰣϧǺǣҸŬԼȥҪôţǱϾ˼ҷ֮飬һͷЩһѭ֮Ҹ˵ʵһ鰡
ǣôŵıһۿ˰
ſԼϵе㶪ˣǴ˵Ҳˣ
ŶӣҸĪϧ˵ϧ㲮ĸлģȥİɣǸҲZ죬Ǻǣ
Ŷõģͺú㲮һɣҸȥİĪϧ̵سξ٭ZЦЦ
ξ٭Z᰻رͬ΢Ц˵ţȥɣԴоǳζҪΪҸ棬ĪϧҪĺ㲻Ҫôˣ
εߵĪϧǰ˵Ǿ߰ɡ
ţĪϧ˳ӵĻشȻ޵һͷʾҪˡ
鰴ҸԤƵһչʱŴ飺һһô죿
ʱҸʶԼһǿôҲ벻ҸڣܷǣҸͲ޵ߣ߳ȥתת
ʱˡ



ڰ ɱĽ3
ž񱻶Сһεڣ԰ͤ棬Ȼʱʱŵ͵ԱߵˡԱߵȫΧֻһֱС㣬üͷؿǰؼɽ
ĵ̾һ
ԼĴɣϾϲųüܡȻ񵽺ǵԼڰǸԼ֮һֱüͷԼһɣ뵽ЩʧˣҲƵ͵ˡ
˰֮δͷ̾һ˵ι
ʲôŽŵѿڶֹܿ˵ȣұүʲô飿
޿Сһε̾һ˵Ҫûʲô飬ܲܲҪСҰ
㡭˵˭СűУתͷֱؿһۣܰ׳ֽ֮Żͷ̾żɽˡ
ŵ񾭱úܽۿֵô󳳴ˣ̾һֻüʹ뷢ҲģӦģȫû취𣬶ҿޣͻȻúܲˬ
ŲԵͻȻǰȥһͰ޳ԼⴿʶģȵֵؿʱŻŵջԼ˫֣Ц˵ǸҵҴ㵽ߵأˣǲҪˡ
ţЩؿһüͷת˵ˣͺã
У޾ߡ
һ£֣˵˰ιûУ޴ߣ˳ҪŵĽ˿޵Ľкžǲ뿴ôݵޡ
˺þֻ֮ǲͣ԰ȥѾûٸֻǻڲͣؽţţų˻⣬һҲûˡ˰֮ͻȻҲͣ
˵ôô֣һҳܣһֱ̾ģһ㶼Ŷѵõͳ˵š
סˣȫû뵽ɵľٶֻǲԼôε΢Цһ£̾˵ԭڵҰôҵֶѾˡ
˭˭ˣŴУǻɿ޵֣ȻҲǺһƬ
ѵÿôɰûԼţ̲סЦ
ЦѾ쵽ˡ޺öˣʶ˲١
޺òֹסЦ⣬˵ǣȥ͸ϲˡѾ԰Ȧˡ
ߣֻѾͷǲס·߼ѣ߰ɣүҶˣŸ߰޵ǰ档
ŻָԣԽһֵ۸ˡΪʲôұǵҵ·Ѳϣס޹ʵЩ
ҲˣһֻƵſĴ̣У˭˭˭ϣסﰡ
޴Цߵŵǰ棬ѾҲˣˣ
ιƾʲôߵҵǰ氡ŽṦޣȻһƵˡ
ЦȻ෴ķ߹ȥˡԭһͿڽŹȶߴ˷򣬹ô̼ŵġ
޸Ż԰Ŀĵŵʱξ٭Z᰺ĪϧﶼѾ˰ġʡˡ
ĪϧûдҲʱڷҸѡ硰ξ٭Zദôûһȥ棿û׼ʲôʱҪһӡ֮ġ
ôܵĻشһҲаȻ֪ǸСûʲôԣΪһˣһҪȰһ䣬ôԸ⣬ξ٭ZҲ๫һӵι˵вУһһֱ˯޷Ӧļһʵ޿ˡ
̣˵ô㲻۵ģĪϧ̧ͷ˵
еˣΪûֹ޸ZᰵģԼһҸע
ˣ̣ԼѡҲʹȰҲκЧ𣿡
ţ˵ҲأһԵͷ۵Ѿͷε˵
˵̣мǰҾˣ㵽Ϊʲô޸ҸİĪϧζ̧ͷ˵ǻΪһЩĵʲôĸ֮˵˰ôһõ书㲻ʲôŮɣҿȥڳٶⷽҲϵ洫òǣΪԭ޸İɣ
һᣬЦѾͷ治һĴأ汻¶ˣҸ㰡ҼҵǸͷʱĺŻ棬һֱ۸ͲСļ޸ˡ
찡ѹôϲޣ񿴵ʱԼ˰ɡôںĻ
Ǻǣŷ̴һ㣬۵˵پһ㣬ͻ˽ˡ
ȫĪϧſϣȴûκϢӣһֱͣ˵Լ£һ۵СŮģȻôȥᣬϾҲ꼶ˣˡĪϧȻ״̬˯
ǣóʱڣȫԼ񣬷ǰԼ˵һϧĪϧƺۣʲôûĽȥˣֵ֪ʲôˡ
һߣҸҲûкõ
ZᰰڹĻİɣ
ţܺðлʦİ
㣬ţZᰰ˵ҲѾ׵ˣûЩʲô鰡
ôʦϣЩʲôأ
ţʵЩаʲô鲢ҪҪҪʰˣ
Ŷѧ޶ۣʦʰأ
֮ǲ֪ܳȥˣһʥ֮顣
ȥʰ𣿿ÿڼʵģЩʥ֮أѧţѾоĺ͸ˡ
仰Բԣⷽ棬ҸͱȲξ٭ZˣǰҸΪξ٭Zǳȥ뿼һģֻǺܿģξ٭Z᰿ˣ°ҸʦҲǵĹίˣԼһõĶӣֱһäΪɢһЩį̵ѧ򵥵ؾͳԼ
ҸһͷߣҪȥ棬ôȥһЩżȻһЩǧŵľⲻǺܺҸİξ٭Zѧ֮·ϸˡ
ǧŵľô죬ѧЩܲУأ
Ȼижֱܾͺˣ
Ŷĵĸܰʦܾٸ𣿡


һ磬ξ٭Z᰺Ǵ̫ҸʵһûʵĳڣҸʱӲξ٭Zᰵħצˡ
ֱڣҲûʳȥȻǴҶȥԷˡ
ߵʱҲպõ˷ſڣһԹĿޡ
ѽԼļﻹ·С˵
ƣȻȫҴ˵Ϊ׿϶ѵԼӲҪ˵ξ٭Z᰺ĪϧǸΨ²ҵ϶ǲվԼһˡ
ڵˣΪĪϧǿԼãҪǲһԷأͻʳʵģ޼ʹҲǿԺʹͬϯģټޱҲϲҲûһ˿ֱɵϢҸҲԽԽϲѾˡ



ڰ ɱĽ4
ϵ΢е㲻Ծô˵أ񻳴Ůһ㣬Ĳʱ͵ҸҸȴһ̲ͣĿξ٭Z᰺Īϧϣܿһ˿оξ٭Z᰺Īϧ޿Īϧ֮󣬷Īϧɫ΢һ֮󣬻һʼһԲɧŷ
ϧ㰮Եģξ٭Z൱ؿĪϧ
ĪϧȻǰٵߵı飬ͷСһڣţܺóԣ
ǺǣһĻҸĲ٣ʼԼ̫ˡξ٭Z᰺ĪϧݼʵڲǸĪģʵҸĹ۲˵ʹͨݳҲʲôģֻһﶼ̫ϲ׷ˡ
ƺʲô̼һسҸۣϧҸѹûпգ˰֮ھ۾ˣͻһֹƣ˵Ҹ˼Ǹ㣡
ۣŵһ緹ҲüëʹסҪԼЦ
ŶʲôҸŭؿǸš
Ų⡣
ôˣҸ𣬡ﲻǽҰвӣ˼޶֪öٱ
Ŷ滵ҸԼ˵÷ǳˣֵ˰˶ȡ
һȺ˴ƤѾڵװˡ
֪ˣкã˵ˡڵ״൱⣬Ͳûзˡ
Ҹ˵Ļǲ˱ߡ
ҪԼвˣˣ㣡һͱŲǰɤӶƳˣͦģҪ̫࣬ɤӲá
ۣۣǺǣһȺڻ̲סЦѾЦӵˣҲòȥֻſϳĪϧ굽ξ٭ZᰵĻЦԼòάֵһξ٭ZȻòȱǺʹģһŬԼ̫ûһ߻ĪϧΪ˲ʹԼɥʧƴʹ
ҸĪؿǵķӦ˵ʲôô춼Դҩ
žһվɫ൱ѿҸԣ
ʲôҸԵӻˡ
ͷۣһȥ鷿˯˵ﳤȥ
ͷ۸Ҫȥ鷿˯ҸıӰһ䣬ԺԵؿıһ¡
ȵԶ֮޲ΪеúͬĿ⿴ҸŪҸԽĪˡ
ôǴҽ춼ֵֹģҸüͷʡ
ȣţȥĸǸĪϧǿ
Ϊʲô
ǸʦѧҲôΪģξ٭Z᰻ģûЦ
ǰѻ˵ҸҲˡ⵽ô£
ˣۣȥɣŴӵɷ˵ذҸ͵ſڡҸһƣҲˣǻͷԸξ٭Z᰺Īϧҹߣȥȥˡ
ҲˣǸĪϧЦһʣһ㲻ϵĽһЦȥˡ
Ҹ߻ңǰ˨ˣҸôŶûӦҸ԰״ʵе죬룬ˣ״ʮʮǰǷҸϸһ¸ղŷʹֵ̬ȣеôˡҸΧȫǲɢʼϸ
˵û̶˹ߣаͲתˡ
˺þ֮ʼжˡ
ָ˺þʼҸˡ
ʼˣǵȵ׼ŵʱſûжˡ˺þ֮ҲûҸ˵żˣȥţͷҸϢ
㡭ͷʲôŭ
ҸǲŲæ˵ˣ˵Щ۵ˣ㣬ôȥˣһû䰡ôɰ
һ죬˵ͷӣϹ˵ʲô˭˭ûҪû䲻ͳˣ
˵ģҵԶôɰǺǣ˵ֻɽؾͰ
㡭ϲ仰ĺᣬҲˡ
ڲԶ͵ļСһĿࡣ
ţԵ˵
ţں֪ˣܴصһ
֪ô޸ˣĳЩ׳տܲϰĪϧ˼˵
ξ٭Z᰾ֻһڡȻ֪Ҹһ򵥵治Ĳ˵ô黰ģ󰡣
˵˭׳ˣŲûдĪϧԴжԼ˸裬˵
˶Ĭر֮뿪͵ص㡣
콥ˣҸİ֮£޻ƽˣξ٭Z᰺Īϧŵһ᷿


᷿ﴫ졣
ž
ž
òһˡ
᷿Χһˣе˶Īϧ֧ˡ
ȷ£ʦҪǹô죿ξ٭Züͷʡ
ģ˭ġĪϧͬüͷ˵Ԫ
Ѿ˺ܶˣôҲǽһ齫㲻ǹҵİɣţϵ齫齫ξ٭Zû취ĿԼϵƣ㵽ǰ⸱齫صˣ
ܣĪϧæϴơ
ҲˣҪ˯ˡξ٭Zվ
˯˯ˣֻ˯ذŶȻ˵
Ϊʲôһ˯ξ٭Z֣Цĺǿһ˯Ŷ
дʮ𣿡
ֻ˵ͬѣû˵ҪʲôбҪô𣿡
ţˣֻǶֱжѡ
ŶôҪ˯ˣô죿ξ٭Z˵ž򴰱˹ȥĪϧһ˯˴ϡ
ˣղ齫ʮǮûл֮ǰҵģĪϧ˵žһԲóԼĴı顣
ŶȻĻҲǷ˰ɣξ٭ZЦ齫ϣ
ʱԺ
Ѿ㳶ƽˣڿ˯𣿡
УĪϧ˵ֿʼһ֡
ξ٭ZεؿĪϧĪϧɫԽĺˣ촽ɫӺˣξ٭ZᰲеˣǵģŮ˵ľ治򵥰
ĪϧͻȻƵʣǵһش齫
ǰôˣ
ɶѵŵģĪϧСš
ֹ˰ʱĪϧϴƣԴѾڻΣ۾Ѿˣڲ֧ſϣ˯ˡ
ξ٭ZᰴһǷ΢Ц˵˯ˣһΪһأ
ξ٭ZվƵĪϧߣĪϧ׼ŵϣǵĪϧԴξ٭Zᰵؿʱξ٭ZᰴһĪϧͷ¶ȺܸߣǷ˰ɡɫȴɺܺûһ˿
Ůˡ֪ΪΣξ٭Z᰺ȻúĪķꡣǻǺİĪϧŵ˴ϡ
ľξ٭Zᰵľһγ֣ͳҩƿ׼ǰĪϧιҩξ٭Zȴӹľеҩ裬ιĪϧ¡ľԾĿһĻξ٭Z᰽ŵĲһʱ
үĪϧС㲡ĲǺأҩֻҪ΢Ϣһ¾Ϳˡ
ţξ٭Zû뿪Īϧ
ľ˫ʲôƵģһ£漴ȥ΢֮뿪
Ǳ𣿲Ըͬ˵һ䲻Ϳˣˣξ٭ZһչĪϧüͷʼս塣
ҹˣξ٭Z᰸ĪϧĴǰ˯ˡ
СӣСӣĪϧȻгξ٭ZһӾѹ
Īϧҵץʲô
СӣСӣĪϧıܻţξ٭ZᰲԾĽ˹ȥĪϧץס˫֣·Ϊ˼ȡһ˿ůһ㣬ץĺܽǣֻƬ̵ʱ䡣һ˲Īϧ·ħƵ˦ξ٭Zᰵ֣૵ҲţҲ
֮ҲûзӦˣɫҲɺ󽥽תΪ԰סξ٭ZָĪϧĶͷЩ麹ȶѾȥˡ
Сӣ˭أξ٭Z᰿ĪϧĪϧץסֱ˦֣ܣãֱӴ



ھ Բôǿ1
콥ˣĪϧ۾ʱͷţҲģǻһĪϧ֪Ƿպ֢״֪ʲôʱ˯ŵģĪϧŬʹԼһ㣬ȻʶԼ˯ڴϡĪϧ˲ûƣ壬ǿ
ӲԶͭ濴Լ΢е԰ףĪϧ΢ĵһһܣξ٭ZᰲڷڣĪϧ˼ξ٭Zȥʲôطʱξ٭Zᰴͽˡ
ѽˣ㻹˯ξ٭Z᰷еͣЦĺᡣ
ĪϧźܲõԤУǿװЦʣѽʲôʱ˯ŵأ
ţʱ̫ˣûע⣬֮ͻȻ˯ˣһðᵽȥˡξ٭ZʢһԼȳˣԼȥϴͰɣ
Ǹ˯֮ûзʲôɣĪϧСʡϾԼǸӣӦǲᱻֵĲŶԡ
ţᷢʲôźҷ˯ˣԣʲô֪ξ٭Zһһڵغ࣬ʮֵš
ģĪϧŰɣǲûж˵˷ɣĪϧɴͳ⣬ʲôʱˣ
ʱչһΪҪ˯ʱءξ٭Z̧ͷĪϧһۣЦĿ˵Ŷᣬôܳԣôһأ
볳ܰĪϧ˵ϧûжͶͷȥˡ
Ǻǣҳˣһ޾ͻˣˡξ٭Z᰷е롣
죬ȻȻξ٭ZᰵƭȥˣûзѾˡĪϧԾš
ţô𴲣˿ɲóŶ˵ת˲ˣξ٭Zᰳǰ˵һ䣬֮ȫģ뿪ˡ
һҪ֪飬Ӧ൱Ĳ˰ɡźξ٭ZϵЦʧˣ¶һεסǽһ֮ξ٭Z᰻ָ˾񣬡ڲЩģҪȥġ
ξ٭Zᰶһ뿪ߵеִ١
ڵĪϧ΢ʰһԼԼϵ·ûбѵϸ۲һ£ûбչ˶µĺۼԼĶͷһЩ麹⣬һЩ΢ȵģҲûëµ⣬ξ٭Zûע⵽ԼˡȻͲµĪϧôξ٭ZԤȴˣëҲȵġ
ͺˣĪϧ΢һ㣬еʧ䡣
Īϧ´֮Ѿ߾ϴõĶĪϧϴ֮޻ûʱ𳤷ϵˡ֮ҲûС룬ֱӾףڴҨһ׾Ϳʼˡ
ֻһڣĪϧĺݺݵˣǰȹǸ˸ȵģֻȹôһΣζؿӡԺΪѾˣû뵽ȻһֱǵáΪʲôأΪʲôΪʲôζΪʲôɺΪʲô
ĪϧͻȻͷۣ˫סԴϣʹҧס촽ҪԼšδ˴ĪϧҺãҺã˭
ȵʱĪϧѾԱߣſţҲֻһɺϰɣ
С㣬ڸʲô޿Īϧһȴûжʮֵľȡʲô𣿡
˵־̽ĪϧĶͷоûʲô֮Űһ㣬˵С㲻ûʳɣ
ţǣֻ಻ͿζѣĪϧͷҲ̧˵
ҲвͿζĶ޺ɵĿĪϧҾǲϿζҲֻ˷ʳ˰
Īϧе㷳ˡ
С㣬ȻǷʲôǰɣһ
ţˣθڣ
ƭңŲֻΪʳˡ޺ܸɴľܾ𰸡Ȼξ٭Z᰷ʲô𣿡
˵û¾ûˣĪϧͻȻ
е㱻ŵˣԾĿô¶ĪϧĪϧԾ۾һᣬĪϧ¶Цݣ˵Һܺãûʲô飬ξ٭Zᰴ齫ҹţˣŲԵġ
ŶûȥĪϧöˣ֪Īϧźܶ౯˵ܣǾԲ˴ģߵĪϧԱߣݺݵһԴװ˵Ͼ֪֪Ȼ齫ҹˣ
أ֪ˣĪϧƤһͷůЦš
ŮеʱǺܼǿģůЦݿڸǺһıˡ
ˣҲûθڣ࿴ȥ˰ɡ޺һ֮󣬺˵ףȻ࣬ѵء
ף֪ࣿĪϧ൱ľȡ
أ໹ټģһǺܾǰкȹһΣȻζ΢е㲻һϴκȵҪúȣ϶û˵Ϻ⣬ҲѰƣҾ˵Ǵġѵడ
ԭ಻ֻһ˵İĪϧţɬĸо ԭһֱһ׳գֻһѣԭҶкȹֻһ˲żǵģһ
ޣܾ˵ֻҪԼ΢һ£ͻҲ޷ͣԼŲҪ
޽˵ĻĪϧһӰˣǸ󲡳˺ȵģԻָкܺõЧ˿Ը׼İɣ
˺ȵģѵ˵ɣĪϧվģģⲻܣôܻ֣ᷢܵģܵģܵģԲܣ
С㣬㼤ʲôȻֵļһʲôֵģ
ǣǡǰξ٭Zôôܻûз֣ôΪʲôأͷֿʼˣ찡ܲˣôһξ٭Z᰾ͻЩֵ鷢
ĪϧԴŬѻҵĴԵһ뵽ξ٭Z᰿ѾԼĻŵĲˡͻȻҪξ٭Z᰷ˣһһչңȻ಻ξ٭ZΪҰİɣΪʲôô룿Ϊʲôξ٭Z᰻չһϺøҰ࣬ûǮõġΪʲô
һԼԴһԼͷĪϧĪϧһһĻظ޲Ծ΢ЦˣȻ֪Īϧ뵽ʲôŻǣĪϧ飬˺ܶࡣ
Īϧûʶξ٭ZᰳԺеʱЩĵزˣֻһﷳš
ξ٭ZڴŹǷչĪϧһ֮󣬻̲סȥ࣬һֱæȻ󻹵һֱվſڣһֱĪϧԼ
ӣ𣿡ϵĿһȵξ٭Zᰣѵñֳƣξ٭Z൱档
ţǺǣ΢һ㡣ξ٭Zɵ˯ϣ˵Ǹ˴Żаʱɣҵһˡ
ţϵһ׺ӣξ٭Z᰾Ȼܿ˯ˡ
ʱԺϵͣ٣ξ٭Z۾ˣ۾ǣ;
С㣬½ǧߵˡСѾⱨ档
ϵξ٭Z᰿һۣξ٭Zվߣס
ɣϵһ
һᣬһ꼶ʮҵӾͽˣӾ·ǧߡ
·ǧ߽֮ϵվ΢΢ͷʾ⡣·ǧ߾ֱߵξ٭ZᰵǰȻȭϹţү
ţɣξ٭ZᰵϵЦɣ·ǧжľɫӣҲһ
ڻǰһμξ٭ZᰵʱǸѪξ٭ZͻȻڴԼǰԼһǱֲƣǱɢĹһûвȻģɱ
Ҳɱҵģϵǻһ˵ĻѾͶ̥תˡȴһ־µƿԼ̶ֵɱ·ǧ߲Լôı˶ʮ˲һֶĤݵĳ嶯
ǣʱ·ǧߣȻܾޱ䣬ǱϾһ򵥵侲
Ǿͺã֮ξ٭ZչЦݣ֮޹ǵ·ǧǰεˡ
ιû°ɣ·ǧǰȴעģꡣ
֮֮ڣξ٭ZԳ˵Ļָ˹Ժĵһ˽·ǧΧ顣򵥵˵һֱĻ½ᣬ·ǧߵİܣȴڽڶ֮󣬽Ļֽ¶ԩȻ·ǧߡ
֮󣬽ϳһصֻ꣬һ˲ƽϢһеķ˳㻹·ǧߵס
ξ٭Z᰽֤ͷѹ·ǧߵǰʱԼļĶӵʱ򣬵ξ٭Zվǰ˵Ըҵ𣿡ʱ·ǧߴĵﳼĽ¡
ôˣξ٭Zš
ǣһķ˻Ѿ󲿷ֱΧˣõ˲ҲѰŵҵ¡·ǧ߻شš
ţòҲҪ̫ˣһһ¡ξ٭ZᰶֱߵĲ豭һСڣ˵УԽˣصǸֻԺֵıǸŽȴǸ˲ţֻΪ˹ظƷŴλļһǸִһЩ£ٷβܣرȥһ֮ǽҷˣôΪ룬Чִⲻߣˡ
ǣү·ǧ߹ػش𡣡үʲôԸ𣿡
ţһ£עһɱƣܻбĿžҵĪϧˡξ٭Z󲹳䵽
ǣôǷҪĪϧֹ֮ڣ
ֻϮĿԡ
֪ˡ·ǧ߿ξ٭ZᰵĻƺ˵ˣǲʵүôˣ
ľںܺã벻صġҪĻ»Ҫһʱ䡣
ô·ǧߵдκΡؼˣֻʹֻ࣬Ҫ֪ڻþˡ
ξ٭Zᰲû˵ֻǿеĲ豭·ǧʶԼ˵̫ˣͼæˡ
֮·ǧ߽һƣξ٭Z뿪ˡֹһʱң뿪˴



ھ Բôǿ2
ξ٭Z߳ĴţȥĪϧȥȻһѾߴŮסȥ·
ū澲μүū澵СūүһͬκСѾеţһ˵ЩѾϰ˺öˣǣ˭ʱطأ
ξ٭ZϸѾߣȷһͨѾߣû˿۵ĵطСѾϵĴſҲһ˼ҵѾߣΨһڵǣѽ£̫ǶһƽСѾֻҪվһᣬضᱻɹˣǿѾߵûжСѾߵĺҲǳأδϰʲôǸողŵſڡҪϳԼѣԼ˻϶԰쵽ѵҪô׼ȷʱȵԼξ٭Zᰳ̽һΧϢвٽڣǲûзܹܿһֱΧľĶĿĸ֣ѵԱܿԼ̽顣˵˺ξ٭Zᰵгأξ٭ZΪ˱˲̽Լ٣ʱ⣬Ϊ˶ĿҲȥķ磬⣬ů¥ʹǱɿ˴󣬳ʱҲǺѹġ
ǣһ֣˶ʮֵĿ¡ξ٭Zᰵա
ξ٭Zȫ䱸Сĵİڳº͵ЦʣʣСǼҵǧ𣿡
СѾ߲ûи̧ͷξ٭Zᰵ˿Ҫʵı֣СѾǿŻش˵СС㽻˵˵үˣС֪ͣˡ
δ֣ξ٭ZжδıĴСһ˿⡣ȴй¶һ˿ΨǸµĸ˾Լࡣ˼ξ٭Z᰻ǾֱȥһλС㡣
ô͹·ˡξ٭Z᰺зȵ˵
ǡǣү룡СѾߺܽŵǰ·һϾͲϸܵĺ飬Ҳ̫ͨ죬еĵطѾˮļˡ
Ȼξ٭Z뵽Ȼܿʶԡֻ·ͳ֢״ôʱġ
ξ٭ZִһСѾߣ΢һ£üʹöԷ֪Լڴ̽ϢҲûʲôǱ׼СѾ׻
ʲô֣ξ٭Z᰺òʡ
СѾܳվסæ˵үūū澻
㲻ҪţǱ߱˵͵ˣξ٭Z᰺طƵؿôɷңô֪ҵģ
ǣүǣū澵ģһЩţξ٭ZᰵĴ֮£ȸղҪһЩ
һ˲ˣʲôˣ
Сҵʦ˲һˡСѾ˵ʱ򲻽¶һ˿ݡ
ŶҺܸȤأܸܲһأξ٭Zᰵ¾ͰĿ˵еİξ٭ZᰰЦĺˬض˵ܶһЩ𣿡
ľһɷǵӣȴʮֵƽ׽ˣСѾ߶ܺãȻ£СǳҰδ֪ΣͻȻָ³֣ͳˡźҪүҲҲһͰ̸ģһûģ֪Լ٣Ҳû취ġ֪ξ٭Zᰵ΢ЦǶǸ˵еİĳݣԵúܻܶ࣬㹻ξ٭Z˽һˡ
ŶƺȤأξ٭Z˼˵
ξ٭ZϵЦʧˣæǸԲū̫໰ˣǺܶԲ𣡡
ǺǣɰؽŶҺġ֪Ѿأܴ۵Цݣһžɫգ֪ˣһ˾ô˵㱡˰֮ξ٭Zᰵ£Ӳذξ٭ZͣС㻨ĵط
СѾûʲôˣξ٭Z˼šǸ𣿡
үʱͬ򸡣
ƯһҴĳ˵ź͸СںܶС㶼ϲɴڱĴ
ξ٭Zᰵɽװ壬Ӵڴö
ξ٭Z˼ǷƵڲһᡣ˿Լ͸Կĳ浯ٵһɫŮ
ôƽүϲСŮ𣿡öȻ󣬺Ȼڻġ
ξ٭Zŵ߽˴ա
ڱɫǡôװţһµɫСѬ¯ǼƷİѬ㣬ҲһյðƷȸࡣмĻһϮɫɴȹϵװκ٣ÿһǼšղŵСѾ֮Ҳһֱü˳۵棬ȴСķԸ
ȫξ٭ZϲġƫðɫĻ䣬ϲѬʹζϲȸϲ嵭ŵŮӡЩȫǣξ٭Zϲġ
ǰμĴС㻨ͬ˵ȫ̥ˡξ٭Z֪ӦĸԵĴС㣬һԸ嶯˼ͨŮˡԲڳξ٭Zǰ߹ξ٭Zᰲ֪شŮˡ
ξ٭ZһֱĿŮˣҲʶξ٭Zᰵעӣͨ죬ָҲͣŮڴЦ
һιڻϢǰ˵ģĪϧ顣ⲢʹһŮڷ˾ޱ䰡
ѵеŮӶкܶξ٭Z᰺ȻĪϧԺͻȻɰ뷨
ξ٭ZôעţԽԽܿԼˣʱ뿪˰ߣһ˲䴬ҵػζһ£ξ٭Zᰵʱ˻ҲܵʲôʾƵأûټξ٭Zᰣǽʰ˵ξٹӣп𣿡
ţ԰ξ٭Z뻨ֻصϣڻĿģԼԼǣصǸˣ紫˵еİʲôĿģ
ԲͻȻϣûӰ쵽г̣ϲ֮󣬻ŵξ٭Z衣
ûУʵҲģȻòˡξ٭Zй¶һ˿ξ٭Z᰾һԣȲһ»
Ȼģǿţֱξ٭Zᰵ۾ͷ͵ĺܣǽȴûξ٭Zᰵ֮УڶݵĳĬ֮󣬺ܿĻָ΢Цξ٭Zᰡ
ξ٭ZоѾ밶ߺԶˣϳ˻һ򣬵ǸôһĽɫңҲôԶľ񴫴һЩϢԼô𣿵ǸղҲѾ̽ˣҲ޲ףǾ˵ǻԼָģô
ĪϧǺпأξ٭Zᰲ뵽ϵǼ˲١
Ȼξ٭Z뵽Īϧ״ô졣ȻͬǹļƣĪϧԼȴŲһĵطξ٭Zϲ䣬ѶƵԼԼ˵ԼҪĶĪϧǣĪϧֱӽ֪ĶֱʣڴӶԷĻѡԼҪĶʹǻѻҲܿʵξ٭Z룬ҲҲһ÷ء
һ֮ξ٭Zʣˣһֱܺһ飬СµӡӦһ飬ΪŮӣ֪ΪΣٴμȻһ֣һ׵ĸо֪ǲλ˵еİĹͣ˵ȿҺ޲֮С
ţүޣξ٭ZԼ糺죬ŵĲ֪룬ѹξ٭ZϲǵŮӣκ²ֳԼĲξ٭Zᰴ飬׺õĻ˵ǻǿ򶨵˵үô֪飬ֻͻȻǰ֣Լ飬ԣʹСŮϣ֪Ҳٰ
ŶˡˣδС֮ǰһЩ飬ԣ⵽顣ξ٭Z΢ЦŻش
ˣɫԽƫͷȥǸСѾߡŵļæ¹ϴصһָֻۣЦݵغܿתξ٭Z˵үǺܱǸֻǰһϲ֪ĴڣԣˡСŮӲԡ
Ĳ΢͸¶һʵҺλξ٭Zᰰڳһǳı飬ҼҲĪϧġ
ξ٭Zᰵüͷ壬͸оԼĿˣ̲סӦǸ˽Բд˼ʹ㲻ᣬҲ飬µŬͰ׷ˡ
үΪˣҾʹүһ°˼ɣ˵ţԥһᣬڻ¶ɫ˵ʱ䲻ˣү»Ҫ£ǻȥɣ˵Ҳûξ٭Zᰵȥ֪ͨͷȥˡ
ξٹӣ֮ǰСŮΪӵһɣ˵꣬Ѿ˳΢Цһ¿ʼ١
ξ٭Z᰺ĿһĻĪϧİ취Ȼðǵһ̽ɣǸôһ˴𣿲ǲǰ񱳺˾Բ򵥣˾кĿģоΪʲôѡûҶ߻˵ĪϧһεĽӴʲôʱҪҪҲĪϧأ
ר־صԼ٣άԼͼξ٭Zһ̵ӡ󣬿ϧξ٭ZȫûнŬ
ڿξ٭Z˼Ŀ˻һ֮󣬸뿪ˡ
һ˫ӿξ٭Z뿪ǵһ˿ЦݣЦҲǻϲЦζ΢Ц˵Ȼ˵ţޣСӳɳ˲ֻٰûо飬˵Īϧأ



һ ľ֮1
ξ٭ZѾ˯ˣľҹϸĹ۲Χķ紵ݶ
һ͵ҹأľţķе󣬻е䡣̫ˣľҲ⿪СԼүѾнˣոүһᣬÿһأҹϮͶŻ𣬸̲Ҳۺܸߵɱ֣Լкöβ촦ȴǱүˣԴˣľһֱڻүȴ˵ҪҲģԺиֵȥ顣
һүʼԽ֣󣬽һγɣҶξ٭Zᰳֱؽ⵽ʿ׷ɱֱ·ӡʹˣξ٭ZᰳֵԽԽ٣ֱȥ꣬ɱֻѾ
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һ ľ֮3
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ڶ죬½ǧξ٭Zᰵ˯ʱξ٭ZѾˡ
ȻһСӣԽԽȥˡ½ǧԳЦЦתˣµһЦ
Ȼ˭ҲûϵһԺ󣬽ֱˣ粻ϷЩһһؿʼָʼŻµƽһֽ֪ӡ
֪˵ֺܹŹ֣Ů˵־ʺȻ½ǧԣһجΣΪæŻɣˣȫǺܾǰˣԲǿһڲˣˣĵȫֹͣ˶½ǧߵĹ
ټȥԼҿôŬȫ׷ѣ½ǧԼļƻ
үô죬Ҫٵȵ𣿡ʫʫ½ǧĻûһ˿¶ȡ
ӣ˻Ů˶㲻½ǧдŭ
ӵʲôˣǵ鲻ᱻҴɣ
ⲻܣ³ңˡ
Ϊ϶Ҳ㣬԰ȫ𣿡ʫʫվôֿɵעһˣŪˡ
½ǧסʫʫʫʫԼĻͷʫʫļͷֿʼʫʫߡʫʫ޷ӦһȻ½ǧ׼ʱʫʫͻȻץס֣
ôˣ½ǧɵĿʫʫ˵㶯ˡ
ˡʫʫҧҧ촽ſ֣½ǧһҿԼ·һԼ塣
ҹʫʫ𴲴·뿪½ǧҡ
ʫʫµңʪ룬еһûг֣ܸɾΨһиͨһĵطһװ˵ңһһ˵ľ׮Ա߷̾ߺҽþߡ
ʫʫߵǸҪ˵ǰ̧°ͣЦ˵磬ҽϴˣң𣿡
½̧ͷгˣ˵ҪĥԼˣ𣿡
ʫʫŤƽ½㣬ţĥԼʲôĥԼĥ㣡ôͺҰҰ֪֪⸱ֻҸӺ㣬ֻҸĥ㣬һ֮ҧԾģΪʲô㲻ȥ
ʫʫЦߵıӣݺݵس½ϣ½Ӳţһԡˣûǯǯû˾ýһһĴ̣ιȥˣãΰֱͣ½Ҫȥˣٴӹ˵ǽ½ҽκãв˵½ˣȫ
һǰ½һΪ˾ʫʫˣʫʫͰ˸Ĵ򣬹һƴؾȻÿһÿһյĥҪҴȻȻ˾ͽĥ
һеҽƶˣʫʫһָϻηһڻԵ½ߣһһ顣
ڣʫʫ˵ˡ磬ҪˣģԸһһӦĶ԰ɣҲҪ±ӣһҪ㣬ʹڻȪ·ϣҲֻҪԼߣԣԺˣʹˣҲǧҪңԼߣȥͶ̥±ӼǵҲҪôˡ
˵ˣʫʫˣߵĺƺڵȴʲôһվʲôûз
˳ǲͻȻġ¹£û¶ȵ˫ۿʫʫЦ˵š
ˣʫʫཫߵͷ
һȺνʿ½ǧۼһַ½ǧαӡʱһӢһ˵Ů˴Ժǽ淭˽Ů˾ʫʫܵν½ǧߵĳ
½ǧǸӢۿڿ˵
үҡҶԲ㣬ƭ㡭ոʫʫߵ½ǧڣ½ǧߵ˶ڿţҺôˣҡ
㲻Ҫˣ֪㲻ԸģһжҴ硭½ǧߣġ½ǧڳһźεı顣
ǡħȿȡ˵ʫʫһҵĿԣ㡭֪ҵ飬ҪңǡǸħɱˡ
ʲô̫ˣԣ½ǧһôɱԼӣ
԰ɣʳӰ
ٵˣ½ǧһиĶˡ
Զԣǧ֣¾ɣǸ㣬Ʒαӡ
˵ļĶ£½ǧڴȥ½ǧ̯ơͻȻ½ǧܶ£㹻˵½ҡ
磬һֱҺ㣬ΪһֱţǣΪ˽ƽԲˡ½ǧϷĸ½ǧһ֮վǶܺã㹻˿Լϵʹ顣
һֱ벻ͨôΣʹ˵ٶҲûʲô˰ɣ½ǧ߼ʹֳҲάԼĴ󽫷ȣûгʲôҡֻⲻǶһжϣˣĵһƽѡ
½ǧν̬ȣƺǻ½ǧ
½ǧһһֱѰԼӵӰͲȥܽ顣Ե½ǧԼǰ˵һЩԼû飬½ǧֻáڿʼˡûһ㷴˼
ξ٭ZһԿţ½ǧߵı־úЦԵģǱȽ½ǧֻ˭ξ٭Z᰿½ǧߵĶ½㣬½ǧѾѣˡ
չĺ˳֤ܿǶˣ׶½ǧıˣĿ½ǧɱڵˣ½ǧҲˡξ٭Zضˡ
Բ𣬵Ǵһ𣿡ξ٭Zŵ
ξ٭Zһ̨ʶȽгӣ
ӣ½ǧֱظܵ²
½үξ٭Z᰹ѡүּӵĺأŪ½ǧһһס
ôô£½ǧߵǵĿǰ֪꣬Լȹһ
ξ٭Z᰺ЦĿΪһ½ǧȷʵ½ǧʺ϶ˣǿǺʺϰģΨһǣĻҰĲ󣬵ҲȽϺƿء
㻹߰ɡ½ǧ߽شߴšξ٭Z᰿˵Ҫ˵ؿš
˱ԩôԹأξ٭Z뿪һ㣬Ȼֱòضµ˵λǰӢۣңӣ˵һЩʵϣһ¡
뽲ϣһ£½Ĺϵ½ǧò˵ţͼѴҵעתƵˡ档
Ǿ˰лбҪ˵һ£Ҫ˵Щ黹Ҫ½үæءξ٭Z᰺òĿ½ǧ䲻ĵסѨȻ½ǧʹ˵ξ٭ZҲԺܿƿԣξ٭ZᰶϷѾᷳˣˣֱ˵ˡ
ξ٭Z᰽½ǧ֮󣬶Ժǽ˵ιԽˡ
һﻹûģȻһ뿪һ¾ͽһţд߸֣ҺܺãҪҡҴ޵У޵УŲҵġյر߱Թ߻εξ٭Zᰵվţȫһ˵ȡ
һǰξ٭Zᰱ׷ɱǸϣɱָһ֣ξ٭Z᰾ڵһʱŵס˯ѨɱѺ˰͸ŵһԶĿջס£ʲôʱ֪ͨ˻ſԻȻϵĸһ£ڵȵһ졣
ҪҪһϷξ٭Zջؿţһë
㲻ˣҰɣ
ᣬǺʺϷŶξ٭Z᰺Сһţλһ£ӡûɣ׼ˡָ½ǧָ½ǧߡ
ţͦģ峤󶼲డҲ̫ûս˰ɣҳûô󡣡ϸ۲֮˵ˣȻ㶼ô˵ˣҾͰһκˡ



һ ľ֮4
ΧһȺ˾ôɫĪ飬ܸоǺܳɫԼҪĺӾͺˡǱŪ½ǧɾûˡ
ڣ½ǧ³ڴҵǰʱ˶ɵˣ½ǧߡ
ſһȺŵı飬˵ʵҲûʲôȻҵȷˣʵҲ࣬Ҫ˵ʲôһϵ㣬һ΢ϵ㣬̫ϵĴǹҪһĴһ㶼ʺ
ȻŶ˶ֵνǼҴİɣξ٭Z᰺ؿһۣȻſڽеڣǿԽˡξ٭Z᰽нľǱӸץļϸ͸֤Ĵ˽Ĳʱξ٭Zһ֣˵һߣʣµԼɣһڵˡ
ǣһеǷֱ˵ĳ֮нʣ½ǧʹͨ챾죬ܶڲԣҲһ취ҲûС
굽ξ٭Z˵ιڸʲôܺӡ
ǺĵġιǵҸ˵𣿡
ǵãǲ׼Ŷ˵治˼һ˶ڿջԼȥ棬ӶˣŽҡ
ٵһᣬϳбȽϺ顣
ţ˭Ȥ
Ŷˡ˵ţξ٭Z»ص˵λŴѾһ˽ˣǣȻֵ飬Ҳļ£ϣǿлرܣպ󣬶һ
һȺ˱һСǣűȻ˵ȥĻȫ½ǧߵʾ£Ƕɢ˳ȥ
ιЩǲ㻨ǮģôҶôſ˹ȥʡ
ξ٭Zᰰ½ǧѨ⿪Цúܲãͷ˵ôܣֻһѡ
˵ʲôջɵ½ǧһ˼ؽе
һ˵˵Ǿǿ㲻ôԾ
治ף׼ô򵥵ͱһˣ̫ûգֻðˡξ٭Zᰰڳεر顣
ǣǾʲôˣ½ǧĵĴС
ЩûǲҪȸĸһ°ξ٭Z˵һ£ĶΪʲôӡ
δ˵꣬˾̧½ʫʫ˽ˡ˽ܺСĵطŵ˵ϡ
½ǧ߿ԼĶӣվȣæ½ߡ
ôˣ½ǧżؿ½㣬ֲȥΪ֪ʲôط½㲻ۡ
㵣ˣԲ𡣡½һε˵ţ½ǧһۡ
ŮҲǺҮſһԵʫʫǰȥۣ˭ôİ
ʫʫƺҲŵģǰ۾ŵġ
½ǿתͷȥ۵ĿʫʫʫʫڲţȻܵһɱģƵעԼ۾һűԼҪգűԼҪڶһ˫ۣ·ԼָƣǿԼ۾ȷʵ˳Цξ٭Z᰺ܿջԼߣߵߡ
ţе㸴ӣ֮ǵһ߹ԹԵؿžͺá˵ξ٭Z᰾ŵһԵϣ½ǧ˵˵ģҲġڰ֪ץһ°ɣȻҶ֪ˣЩ»Ǳ˵ȽϺá֮Թۡ
½ǧ߿ξ٭ZᰣֿԼĶһۣվֱ壬½ǧ˵ԸΪʲôҪô𣿡
½ǧȥЦ˵ߺߣ㵱Ȼ֪ˣԶ֮ϵ½ǧߴô֪أ㣬Ҳһп޵ĵܵܶѣʲôȲ㣬书ҲãԵҲãôƴϰƴֺãǣʼֻ㣬룬ΨһģһֱţǺȢӣ㲻ٹңԶֻ۾ĶӣΪһȻѴѾ߸ϳȥ½ԽԽ㣬ĵλҲԽԽ٣ԣҪʶһҵҪ֤ҲԶֻܸĺ棬ұǿҪ㼵ң
㡭½ǧ߲֪˵Щʲô½ǧͼ˵Լ½ǧĺ⡣
һԴһǷξ٭Z˵Сӣ㲻˵˼𣿺İ˵˰Ҳû˵ʲô
ξ٭Z᰿ʲôնûеļһЦˣ˵ʱĺĽ㣡ûӵ˾Ǻð
ξ٭Zô˵ˣ˵㣬֪ж˲˰ɣ
ξ٭Z᰿ӣЦ˵ǣ˲𡣵ǣŶҲùĴһҲʲôȲңѧʾͲñˣҲ򲻹ңԵҲûҺã᲻ἵҰ
Ϊʲô˵Ҵ򲻹㣬Ǽ򵥵ĴԹҲֻ仰ˡ
ξ٭ZţͻȻܺãһץסԼʹЦһ
ιˣҵķ٣һʹѳһֻŪë˵С˵žξ٭Z˹ȥͼҲŪǸһͷǾţԽԽˣξ٭Zƺĺܿĵӡ
ξ٭Zʱûע⵽½ǧ˵ԼԹޣ֪ʲôʱһε½ǧ߻λã½ǧδ½㡣
½ǧʱˣֹͣ˵½ǧߣг˱ĺݶ˵½ǧߣ㲻ǺϲԼĶ𣿱Ҿʹʧȥһ֮󣬰ԶܶĶӹһģǻŵģұƸıעˣҪǵӲеӡ
½ǧѸٴг̽½㡣½֮°ν½ǧôĵطôѸٵİν˭ֹһʱ䣬ѪŴҵ½ǧѪ֮С
½ǧһ˲ȥײ½ǧߵĽϣеĶ̽Ҳܿ½ҪֻǴѡ
ǧǧ½ǧŵؿеĽԼĵܵܡ
壡½ס˿ڣе
½ǧ൱Ц˵ҪôˣҲֻǱԶɣȿȣҾҪԺ󣬿ȿȣԺԶܽѣ
㡭½ǧ߸֪˵Щʲô֪ôѾĵܵܡ
ˣҪһ汳ģע⵽²õξ٭Zᰵһʱ½ơ
ȿȡ½ǧȥξ٭Z˵Ȼ֪ĶȿȡʲôǣҺáأȿȣûҲҪ汳ġ
ξ٭Zݺݵذһϼǣڳȴöֻ֣ؿ½ǧЦˡ
ſ棬ʢŭξ٭ZᰣʣιһﶼˣôҲûɱһﰡ
ûɱǺܿͻˣҺҡξ٭Zᰵ˼֡
½ǧԴ󾪣ô£ǧûдϡ½ǧ߿½㣬Ҳʲڣ½ʼˣҿʼΪʹ
⣬ô£űŻˡ
ξ٭Z᰺޺޵³һʣ׹ɢ
½ǧֻ׺䶥
׹ɢʲôŶԶҩϤ
׹ɢжߺܿͻῪʼȫƤãʹҲӾ磬֪ΪֹԽʢˣϵʱԽãԽʹ࣬ΪʱȫԼ׹ǣ˵Ҵ˶ҩҽһֱû˵ʫʫͻȻڡ
ŵһZᰣ㲻Ǻа취;Ⱦɣҩҽɡ˵仰ʱ½ǧ߳ڴؿ
ҩҽġξ٭Z᰿½㣬ʮְûڣò׿ϵ˾ȻΪԼһʱ
Ծȵġʫʫؿڡ
˵ģԾͷ½ǧ̿ϣƵأץʫʫ֡
ʫʫ˦֣˵ңʫʫǿ֧½㣬Цţ˵빫Ӳ᲻֪ɣ
ʫʫ˵½ߣȡϵСԼ˫ֵ󣬽Ÿ½˫ִֵֻһ
Ҫʲô½ǧżֹ
ȻͲҪ¡ʫʫɫԽԽˣǿʼ߶ѪҺĽ
½Ѿ۵˵ˣﻹģξ٭Z˵û׹ɢҩҽǻһķһһ׹ɢȫܽ⵽ѪҺеĶһ˲伴߱ȫΨһķǣ˵ѪҺȫ滻˶صˣԵıɡ
С½϶˵ţͼֹʫʫĶڶصĹϵȫûа취ж
ξ٭Z᰿ʫʫͼȻֹǻ̲ס˵˳ڻѪ
ʲôųԾĿʫʫҪô𣿿᲻°
һһξ٭Zޱ˵ΪԸŲ뵽˵ǻǳȥɣ
ǡԥһᣬ˵ûа취𣿡
ţǻ߰ɣʣµ飬ǵ¡ɷ˵ξ٭Zᰰˡ
½ǧ߳Ĭؿξ٭Z᰺ŵ뿪ֿ֮ԼĶӣʼԥˣԼûʤԼӵİ˳Ĭ
½㽹ڲʹʫʫֿûκЧʫʫĮ˵ھҲˣˣʹҲΪġ
СС񣡡½˿缱٣ԽʫʫЦԽǲá
½ǧߣ½үǺΰĸװΪԼĶӣȫں˵ʫʫƳһ½ǧߣ½˵磬֪Ϊʲôڵ𣿡
ʫʫ½ǧΪѵĿ˵ЩǸߵлĻʫʫ
½ǧߣ㲻ؼʵˣ㲻ҪǸǸĻһöûУҪ˵лĻǲˣֻ½ѡʫʫҡһ£½ǧȥסҪңʫʫС
㡭㾿Ϊʲôôң½ǧεʣСʱ飬ҲûʲôҲǸĸ㹻Ǯ𣿡
ǰ㹻ˣൽ㹻ΪǸС㡣ʱûȬ״׼·ɽɽΪǮ˼ңҺװɽ֪ɽ߳ŭף֮󲻶ϵŰȻǺǣȻ󣬼ʹҲûӹ٣Ǹкöˣöĵ֣ʱž꣬ž갡ʫʫţȻϵı黹ûб䣬ץ½˫ֺݺݵڲ
С񡭡½ı廹Ҫʹ˶֣סʫʫ˫֡
ʫʫֹͣ˲Ц˵ûʲôⲻŸտʼ׺ܿܲĥˣһֱںţΪʲôҪĺӣﱻЩɽɽ¡ɽϹַ˵ұһ֮ǾʱЩɶɽһȥ٣رٵǶүүɽˣ˳ȻңҵһɱˣүݸһѵЩɽǰңһһ˽еˣЩȫ๼ҵ˫ִʱһֱմѪҸŶүɱֵѵ㡭
ʫʫ½㣬ؿ½Ļ˵㣬빫ӣ֪֪ԽҾԽ㣬һгɹҵĲһģҪ㣬½ǧߵһϣ磬ҸҵĲлģһģһжҵģ𣿹
С񡭡½˿ĺܺԼ½ǧҲ̰ʫʫ½ߣֵһ룬ԼĶӾͻ½ںСߣ
½ǧû½ڴڵشпʼ
Ǻǣûõģ᲻أʫʫڲЦˣ˵ᣬʹ࣬ңҲ᲻Ϊķˣ磬Һ㣬Щһֱ㣬Һ㣬һߺ㣬һ㣬ҿҪˣԲ˺ֵܹ飬ЩǶԲˣԲ𡭡ʫʫһѪ
С񡭡½㽥زٸоʹˣͷûңʶҲʼģˣؿڵĳʪؿӡԺ
½ٴѾԺˡ
ѹԺ½㲻Բȣ߲ݣֻ۾ڴϣ˭½ǧͼԼĶӣǣ½ֻǶһ۾½ľ״̬Ѿӽˡ½ǧ߿Ķ絶ʣ֪ԼʲôӶԭԼˣҲһֱڶӵǰ¶ӱԼ̼ʲôɵ½ǧ֮Ҫξ٭ZѰξ٭Zȥ֮ʱҪѰԼԼʱȻΪһãϣ½ǧ߻ѡš
Դ½ǧıʧԺ󣬽ҲָƽֻڸŸɵһʱ˥ҪָҪһӣʱҪһȥִ֡½ǧ׼ȥλá
Ǿ½ǧ׼Ѹ˵ʱξ٭Zһγˡ
㡭ͻȻԼǰξ٭Zᰣ½ǧ־ϲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ŻصǣŻؼҺ̸ϵξ٭Zûһ˿糾͵Ϣƺ½ǧߵľȣȿڵ⣬һԸԸ⳼ңΪүҵ䣬ڶԸԸԼĶӽңҿԱ֤󽫻ֵĻţǺȥδԲ顣˵ãһӦҾͲܻκηڵء
ξ٭Z治ɫţ˵ʣȴһ˿ʵӣȫƶ½ǧ߻Ӧӡ
½ǧ߿ԼӻҪСϺü꣬вһ˿иΪһӢۣ˺öˣ½ǧֻоԼϵİݸ߹Զǰ֮һĵԳһ˿ʡңȻһ֣ԼĶӾΪ˴˶ڵĸо
½ǧǰϥ£ţһеƾү
ܺãôĵһһȫķڷػξ٭Z֣ҪڽУҵ־ӡξ٭Z΢Цŷ½ǧߣ½ǧһѣ֮ξ٭Z᰾͵Ȼ뿪ˡ
½ķڣûһ˿⣬ʲôξ٭Zߵ½Ĵߣ˵Ҳŵĵط壬ôҿֻΪһţңҵֽξ٭ZᰣǼǵҪ͵͵
ξ٭Zᰶһ仰뿪ˡ½ŵ۾˺þãڻرϣ۵ͬʱһһϣ˵ţƯˣ
պ½ʧԼķڣѰδֹգξ٭Zᰵķڡ
ֻΪһţһбУ½Ĺȥڼǣӽֻξ٭ZᰵĻľ𣿡
ǣү



ھ Բôǿ3
뿪ɿ֮ξ٭Zһ˻صߵ˯ķ䣬ѾʰˣĪϧҲѾˡʹ֮󣬲֪ҸŷȥμˣĪϧҲԼѾ߻ȥˣҲǵȥˡ
ξ٭Z᰾͸Ļؼȥˣص֮˹ܼҡ
ܼ˵һΣүҲڣһ·ֳȥˣ˵Ҫȥʲôˡ
ξ٭Zߵ˵ϴ󰡴һˣȥˣţǸСΪʲôϴģӦø𣿡
ξ٭Zȥ˳ߺ۵ĵ֮ûֻۣ˳ߣ˵ϴղ˵ٲ鼸ҵȥˣСӣ߹¥ȥˡ
ۿɫξ٭ZĪϧһ죬ǵ׻ǻûҵʱҲûгԣһ˻ˡ
ջصܼҾ棺үѾˣ˵ҪүԼòͣѾЪϢȥˡ
ξ٭ZеĪŮڸʲôǽûǸһµĺáξ٭ZţѾĪϧסĵطˡ
ˣιޣʲôʱôĵˣĪϧ߳Է˵
С㣬Ҳ΢е֪֮òã޼һ˳Īϧһۣ˵µĵںѾжʮҺðɣһǲϲ̵ֵ𣿽ôڷܣйŹŶ
㲻Ҫ룬һǺڷܵĺòãĪϧһۣʵĪϧ컹ʱһֱξ٭Zᰵ飬ͷһֱ൱ĻңֻóȥҵˣҪѸ̵ʱ׼һˡ
ʲô˼޶ⷽ黹ֻ̫ǺСɫӡ
Щϵ׼ҲһĵˣҵĵһֱǺ۵ģãλͣһֱȥǲеģҪߵˡ𣿡ĪϧﻹڳŶ˿ûӰ˵
֮СͰɣȫ
æӣ費ҪҰæξ٭Z᰽Īϧ˵ûʡ
ۣĪϧһڷȫˣȻҡͷã㲻ǺæûʲôҪæģ
С㣡޲ĴУǿΧΣƺٴȥΣˣү޸ˣ
ĪϧķӦξ٭Zᰵĺ棬һֱֻĪϧĿ㣬ɫ㱣ξ٭Z᰿ʼвõԤУ֪˰ɣ˭Ҷ£ôԣôܲأ
үҪûʲôȻȥɣĪϧĿ˵ξ٭Z᰾÷ǳ졣
ô˵Ҳչһ˰ɣ㲻лңҲø߰ɣ㻹ʱȽϿɰξ٭ZЦſĪϧĪϧȴڶʲôƵأ
Īϧˣһֽ֮սǳǳһ̧ͷƺ˵չôû취Ӫˡ˵ͬʱ΢еʹǣԲҪԼˣһ
ξ٭ZϸĪϧκεĸ飬ⷬȫǳĪϧı⡣ô룿ξ٭Zᰵ˼֡
Һ׵㣬ûɻôðɣĪϧȫ
ţ㵹ǺأҪĻҪĻһǿ԰æġξ٭Z΢ЦȻ뿪΢ЦԽĪϧˡ
ξ٭Z뿪֮󣬹˺þãһֱսȭͷɿ·𱻳һĪϧǿŵصĳ嶯ߣʲôûнչң˭£쵰˵ţ۾潥ˮûһЩ۱ĪϧһĨȥɫƽս΢ЦĪϧסԼĿڣ˵СӣҾԻһߵյģκˡ
ڴһֱڿĪϧۣǶС㣬ȴ޲ߣȻ뿪ˡ
ξ٭ZᰴĪϧķ뿪֮ûκĻصԼ鷿ַԼϵ飬һ֮󣬹ܼҹʣǷҪͣľܾˡ
ܼ뿪֮ľڰξ٭Zᰣ²ξ٭ZǷϾҪ곤һ㣬ľȻξ٭Z᰺ǶŮ֮ƺûоǲӦøһ㽨أǵľξ٭ZᰵЦʱȫķԼ뷨үĺĥ
ξ٭Zᰵûһ˿߻ҵɫһֳ־ĸо۾Ҳųâֹâľǵһοÿξ٭Z񣬵ֺ΢е㲻һһʲôΪԼĿģξ٭ZᰶԵоѾ͸ˣĪϧĳȴ㹻ξ٭ZᰶԵ֪ղűĪϧ̼֮һξ٭Z᰾úһ˳׵ĲԼԼЩһֱɵһĹȻΪ࣬ԽԽ侲֮ξ٭ZΪԼĻҶرˣҲģĪϧķĺأ˰ڲͨŮӲܸͬߡҳǺرģˣҾҪϷҡξ٭Zе
ǣĪϧҲãξ٭ZҲã˼ᶨģ˭ܶ϶ûдԼҲ޷С
ξ٭Z᰺ĪϧϷʱӱˣת¥ȻǵһǱǿġ
Ҫ΢ǰһᣬĪϧȥӲ죬Ҳξ٭ZΪɣһҪȥ棬һ·һֱچĸڳܣҪһһֱһֱᵽξ٭Zᰵ֣ŪԼһֱģҪΪ̫ҪάԼ󣬾Ҫȥι
ڵ֮غڣֻһҸպõûˣŻڸ޶졣
ߣպвƯҪҪұһ¿˭˽ȽһƵ
˵һ˳ЩŶģһεر
ҿǺԲҽܰɣ
޵ͷ̾ڳһεƣ˵ιܲܲҪһСһвУ
㡭̫˰ҸΨһһԴҵĻᣬȱл𣿡
Сķôôôһ࣡
ξ٭ZĵҺðǱҳƨһˣѾȫķˣҪĴôᱻŪòȢС㣬һ
ξ٭ZȢҼС񱿵ˣҲˡ
ξ٭Z
ξ٭ZᰲŲ
һԲ˵ĪϧӶǡξ٭Zᰡĸ֣ܲˡ
ˣվУҳȥţһﰮȥȥҪǣ
С㣡ŵö㵽һߡ
ѾڷˣǻǴȥ˭˵Ǹǵģֻǡͬ·ѣ
ϴϸµ˱ˣҲȥˣҪȥ½ˡոմҳǺڳʲô
ĪϧܷĿֵʱݺݵضһ¡ţǵϴκҲôϴӢſ۵ʱСӺҲܲԾġߺߣ뵽һ⣡
ĪϧЦţû¶һ˿ۼǺεش̾һ˵ˣ˵ɣߣҪһ˵ȳȥˣ޵ȻǸں棬ҲǺԥԱߣȻ˵ʲôͬ·
ȻĪϧһԲǰ棬ҲĪϧİʾ¼Ŷ졣žôһһı塣ȵʶ²õʱѾķˡ
վſڣķƣʶ²ãת߿ϧһһӺð˳һſŵıϡ
ϴ󣬽ô氡ƦƦʡ
ߣ뿴ǰҵĶķʲôˣû뵽˻ǲĪϧվڴϣ˵ҲˣƦžúġ
ţϴ󣬿񲻹ܰɣҲˡķĪϧĲҵ֮һĪϧտʼԼĵ̵ʱϵʽ٣˰۹⿴ǮĶķ⣬ĪϧĶļ൱ĸ߳տʼԼģ׬˲Ǯߺ۾ǸʱʶġһǵĸӵܣԭȻΪģﳤĻ죬Īϧ£֮£˺ܿıƭˡĪϧĲҵѾˣҪķˣǾ͸һﻹһϴ󣬶ÿ»ǻһǮķ
ϣӲˣϴĻǰɣĪϧŮʽļЦΧһƬƤҵٻеġ˵Īϧ˼ƣǰթƭʱõƣ˼ǣСӴߣ̫ˡ
յ
˵Сӣþòˣȥ¥䣿
Ҫ֣żѡ
߶ҪǸܣͰĳ¸ϴ󣡡
Ŷʱ£һſɰҲǵͨ죬ĭջûиҶֻܹԹԵرˡ
Īϧװĺ޹˵ţҪ̫ˡ
ŽԶˣĪϧųʣΪʲôô۰
ţ߿Īϧһۺ̲סЦòסЦ֮󣬰Ǽ˵˳
ȥʱĪϧξ٭Z᰻ʶĪϧڲϵþӪԼĵ̣ΪԼѰҵʺϰԼӪ̵ˣξ٭ZҲڲϵѰſ԰ԼˣͬھǵˣȴΪͬԸ¶ʶżȻξ٭Z֪˾ۺͳˣ˶Լһİģǰȥʶ
ߺ˵ǹƥʰһƱרǵĻ֮⵽ˣһֱڰ۲˵ξ٭Z᰺ܡɺϡسˣ֮˾ôʶˡǺܿξ٭Z᰾ͷһ飬ǳ߻ﶼһ൱ҪˣҾԲκ˺ˣԼʾãҲ֮ȫƵĻ͸ɴˡ֮ҲάһѵĹϵξѵĹϵڼ䣬һĸһͬ¥ȥˡ
¥֮ξ٭ZͻȻӵϢʵټǾͶһȥʹˡۺͳ˶ξ٭ZᰵĸоȻ֮ξ٭Z䵭ĹϵǸϲһ㡣߿żʹ¥ҲһСӲŮɫģ͸˺ϻｫŹžʡ֮۾Ͱ˸⣬ӵһҲȫѹļŮĴϡ
ѹһĻûΪԼ˴µŵͿˣߺȰ˰֮ûͣ˵ҪǸŮ˸ˣŪóߺԼ˼ˣͰôţԽ޻Խˡ
Һξ٭Zʱˣߺ۰˵֮ξ٭ZСһŰסԼʲôûɡ
޲ûЦȥĪϧҲֻǿԼЦ̫š߿Ӻ˵ǺЦǻǲҪ˵ȥĺãҪȻСӷǰǹͷ˲У˵ʵҺɲĶ֣ңһҾҲϴˣҿɻ᲻㰡
š޾ԼЦ⣬˵ģҡһǵС㡭㡭Ϸصģֵˡ
ѾͷôôأСԺ޲ȥ
û£һȢģĪϧҲ٩
С㣡ؿĪϧһۣ˵ˣǻûסЦ⡣
ֽ˵ϴʵͦµġ
Ŷô£
˵ɲǸ๫ξ٭Zᰣһſ޳Ǹӣʱͱˣʱɱһˣһֱ˵ʲôָֻǰӡһֱʱξ٭ZẦ£ãˣ߿ŵزһ£˵ģξ٭ZᰶСǲ̫һ㣬Ȼξ٭Zһ˺񶼲ܸоرģ⣬ϴ๫ǺɫɣţСӳҲȷϲͷˡ
˵Իȫûע⵽Īϧı仯һкöطҪȥԼ˵ɣ
Īϧǰţһ뵽ξ٭Zᰵ飬ֻķң糿ԺĪϧֻҵԼͷһ¡Ȼһӵ˱ľʱ飬ͻȻˣҳЩĻԼӷˡϴ๫Ǻɫɣɫɣξ٭ZᰲǶ˭õģţ˭á֪ģϴλôΣյľҲ˺˭ùʲô鰡ֻһԸ뷨ˡµһЩʲô;Լĵ·Īϧš
С㣬ˣͨҩ̣С㣬С㣿޵ĽĪϧ˻
ǰԼҪߵ·ԲãĪϧεسЦԼ飬˼Լ϶ĵ·ȥ
صڣᰡǾԲ֪飬Ǳץӡ



ھ Բôǿ4
صڣᰡ־Բ֪飬Ǳץӡ
۵һɧ֮޿ˣİŭ𵽣ι湻˰ɣ
ٺ٣ۼЦ˵û취˭椶ûθڣ
ˣ׼ˣۼƲסЦ˵Ǻǣ֪ˣģҪӺɷɱôСʵҽµġ
ż˵棬׻վûҲûתĿ˵ʲô˵УҪЮңҾɱڣ
Ŷֲ״й⿿ţ˵ϲҼѾͷǰɣ
ű䲻ش£۵һӾͱͨ죬ܾƵת˭˭ϲǸѾͷҡҡ
ɣ˵ˣ˵ǣˣҿǸѾͷȫ㣬ҪҪҰæأһ׼չնͯ顣
˵ľ˰Ŵ˵ţȴһʱ߲ˡ
ۿĿĴﵽ˾ûмΪҲһھƣԱߵС㶼Ū֮ؿ˵֪Ѿͷں˭𣿡
ſһۣԥһ˵ţĪϧɣ
Ǻǣû޶ϴ˵һһ⣬Ҫ㶨ǸѾͷҪȡϴĺøУҰϴξ٭ZûжһЦؿš
һһ˵㡭ô֪
һ֪㿴ϴһѻŮӵӣȻ˵ţָԼһơ
ҲԿĳ𣿡ŻɵĿۡ
ǺǣСӻ̫ۣ˵ҲᶮáѾͷܵĵģҪܴξ٭Z᰺ϴˣѾͷһܿ㣬˵ĻŶЦֺһ
৵һվתȥ˵ӶһЩͷģһȥˣ˵ʹǵ뿪¥
ٺ٣ļһѹξ٭Z᰻ϲҪǲӺһѣϴⱲӹƾôȥˡЦţȻ󳯺󺰣ιŮҺȾư
뿪¥֮һֱ۵Ļģžߵƽ
ţ˭˵ϲǸƨҪŮ˵ģֻ·ѣȥžת׼ߣţԣȥζ飬ֻξ٭Zġߣ뵽⣬ָֻ󲽵߽š
һֻŽżڣžͿ޳
ţţôûؼң޺ؿ
Ŷʱ彩Ӳŵز֪òðһֻҲΪŸУŴ˵ﻹҪͨ
ţеֵţҲûж룬ΪһֱеֵģţүȻǹܲˡ
ſ޴Լ߹һΰݵƣʣҪȥ
ţǲһҪأˣҪСȥ򿾼ˡǵģÿζô࣬Цžˡµȫ֪ŸôˣǼѺξ٭Zᰣǰǰջȥ׷أſµʱѾԶˣû취ֻüǰξ٭Zȥˡ
ߵ֮󣬿ξ٭Zڿ飬Ƶﵽξ٭Zǰξ٭Z̧ۿһ£ֵͷһҳ飬˵ָʲôˣҸʰ̯Ӱɣ
ʲôѵһǻ°ǰϡ
ţľ飬Ҫǰߵҵ鷿϶вõ鷢ˡξ٭Z᰷飬ȣеĲ豭ˮѾûˣַ
ʲôûУҪҲˡ
ŲԸ˵ξ٭Z᰾Ͳˣſ϶Լģ˵ûµĻеأҾҪĪϧΪҵӡ
ʲôҪ𣿡ѿڶһ˵ʶԼ˵ˣѸٵͷȥξ٭Zᰡ
ţξ٭Zᰱⷬˣ˭ˣ
֪ԼҲסξ٭Zᰣɴ˵ˣۣ
㲻Ҫߵ̫ˣ϶Ǳϴ˰ɣԽô֡ξ٭Z᰺ܿ϶ؿţ۸˵ʲôǼȻ֪ĪϧˣҲΪĪϧ룬ˣ˵ʲôҾͲˣҪĪϧĵķǼ򵥵Ķѣɫļһ
㡭˵ʲôżվ
ûг׾Ŷˣ´λǲܰ¥ȥˡǲõ᲻Ըˡξ٭Z᰹˵ţĵʱ򶺶ŻǺȤġ
ξ٭ZᰣѾþûˣҳȥ
ðξ٭ZҲ΢Цӭսڵܲ˾͵Ψһһյضξ٭ZרΪµĿյأɲԼĻ԰⵽ԵĴȻǧƪһɵŵıճ
ѵ֮лؼȥˣξ٭Zϴ˸صԼ鷿ֻϸղŻǿŵĲ豭װ˸õĲ裬Ҳ㡣ξ٭Zߣ˿ûԥض˲豭΢ЦƷһڣ˵ţĮŨҵĻɽѩˮټ֮˵ļո߳ȻǺò衣
ڲˮ¶ɱҾˡƢֵ֮Ůӣʤѩļֻǿž͸оۻ֮УŮӵòһͣҲ൱ᣬһʥַĸо
һƷòǰʹ֪жҲ̲סҪȰˮξ٭ZкЦؿ
үƺðǲΪһλ޵ԵʣŮӾξ٭Zᰵ֮һˮ
ޣǺǣǰɣξ٭ZЦ⣬ʣҽˣ
ţеĺ˳ȻϿڹٳϵЩүеӦöڹؼʱ̿үġˮְξ٭Zģξ٭ZᰱϾ⣬ЩʱǲԼġǰᵽԼŮ¶ʷִϵǱˮƽġ
ţܺã͵ΪֹɣӦòʲô飬ȥĵطȥɡξ٭Z᰿˵仰
ˮ¶һ˿ɬ˵ȻѾˣο໹Ҫǵǰ顣
Ǻǣϲˡξ٭Zᰲÿɷذ˰֣ˮҲûж˼ת׼뿪ˮŵʱξ٭Z᰺ȻʲôʣΪһŮˣʲôķʽܴ㣿
ˮеĿܿ˴Цݣ˵ҵĻ»鷳үӦ֪ģ֪ǱŮӣҿɰﲻŮ˶ǲһġȰ㻹ǷȽϺãүʺ飬Ϊ۷Σȫȫ⣬ɣ
ξ٭Zᰵͷ˼ˮҲûеȴĻش뿪ˡ
Ǻǣȫȫ⡭ܡİɣǣԵģҲҪĪϧȫȫ⣬ԣ͹ˡξ٭ZᰶԼ˵š
ĪϧԼķԴˣλûеôأҲ֪Ϊʲô޳ȥ֮ûлĪϧԵʱܾ˵ʲô
ţѾͷôȥôûʲôط˰ɣĪϧſ˵˶ջߺĪϧĶ꣬ʣµʳȻòˡ
ξ٭Z˵û᲻һأһ뵽ɫ̲סȻԼ·ԼߣǺôҲҵ๫ˡ๫๫ɫôôҪǲü˾ͺˣţǲҪҪʲôɫġĪϧͻȻպ̣ʹҡͷͼ뷨ϳС
ãҪЩζȫԹ⣡Īϧվһ˵
С㣬ôһעֿʼԴˣһҶʱ򿴼ĪϧԴȣҡҡͷ
ޣȥˣڲŻĪϧһ޾ͿʼԹ
ֻһ죬˵ǰ򿾼ȥˣ
ŶģĪϧһɵؿǿģһɬףǲǸһȥˡ
Сɱ밡Ҫȥɻˣ˵žվˡ
Īϧܳȥķ˼˵ţȻ⡣ϣСܺúöԴޣʵֲ˵޿ʵ־ͺˡ
һʳټ޸ղŴĿƺôԲˡţҪҪ⿾ξ٭Zȥأ˵ϺûгԷҪҵô죿ҪҪ͵͵ȥˣҪǱΪղŵڣ֪קʲôˡĺɫɣҪҪҸӸȥӣԼ͹ˡһҪùϵϾҪദһģôðֲԷܽ⣬һ˵ЩĻţѲϣңôܣ˺ĻҲóΪʲôһǰͲˣȻξ٭Z᰻̫˵Ĺϵ𣿻߻̫ƯĹϵţ뵽ȥˣΪʲôÿһ뵽ͻⰡ
ĪϧڷţǺܿ췳վͲˡһֻڴӻ԰ϢķɽĪϧڼĪϧĺʱĪϧоһǿƷ磬˳ȥһ٣ӱںƷķѡ
һ˴ӼɽĺѸٴ̫ܳڣζûп壬˾ʧˡ



ھ Բôǿ5
ۣξ٭ZᰣͲ㰡Īϧſڵϳξ٭Z᰺
ǿźʧķξ٭ZᰱĪϧعڿſڵϵĪϧ̲סЦ
ЦʲôĪϧƺŤˣһʱǶˡ
ڸղţľȻע⵽˴֮ڣ˲ûгξ٭ZڵϮľ̸֪ξ٭Zᰣξ٭Zʶ²̾ĪϧķȥľȻһֱͺǴûôеĸоүṦĺǰ˵֮ʶƷĪϧƿǳֺһ㡣
Īϧſ֮ξ٭Zᰵֽ㲻ǻ书ôһ㶼ûж㿪
˭˵һ书ģĪϧ̲סһۣǻ书ôͻȻһƴҲӦ
ָǸղŵķڣôһʶûУξ٭Zе𱸵ĿĪϧĲ书һֱΪġ
ôΪİУۣĪϧػͷСĳ
Сĵ㣬ҪҶùͷûλֻŤ˶ѣϢͲµġξ٭Züͷţղŵ黹¡Ҳѹ㣬ʱܻ⵽һǵһΣԺܻǻ᲻ϵطġ
˭֪Īϧűķѵӣʼˣûб˰ɱ˭ôң
ξ٭Z᰿Īϧɫ˺þ֮󣬻˵Բ𣬰ɱΪңǨŭˡҼʹھ㣬Ҳ޲ˡ
Īϧʱξ٭ZᰣɫĪϧĺۣı˱εһ˿͸ʲôĪϧֱĸоĴ޸ʱҾ׼ˣΪԼҰģġңĳµһˣɱҵҲ٣͵ʱǰϵˡĪϧ˵仰ʱ۾ֱǰɫȫڰοξ٭Zᰡ
ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧĲڰο𣿡
ȫûУֻǲϣĴζѡ˵İɣǺϵԶĸ黹ǲҪıȽϺáĪϧûлع
ξ٭ZǺܲǰŮˣղŻϤӣһתֱİ˵Ĺϵˡ
һҪұôԶľô˵Ҳķ׼һұĹϵ̲סˣξ٭ZᰵһηԼȻôס
Ȼξ٭ZᰵһʣĪϧͷ˱۰棬һһģԺ飬˭˵
Īϧĵξ٭Z޻˵ǣԼ׵ģϣõִ𰸣ԼҪĴʲôأԼҲ˵塣
ʱһ˲ֹͣ
˵һ书Ҳ᣿ξ٭Z᰻ָƽʱı顣
ĪϧĿξ٭ZᰣҲָˣҲǲᣬֻƤëѡ
ǰɣṦҮ
ǸǲΪ˱ѡ˵İɣҪΪµһһ͸ָ㲻ûᱻ׷ɱṦƴñȽϺáĪϧ뵱ȻĽšĪǸͷҲֻнṦѣ˵ҵķͲһ㣬ֻģ
Ŷİɣһᾡܵر㡣ξ٭Zվ˵Īϧûпûпϵļоǣ´μʹſڵҲһȽϺãڹꡣ
ĪϧػͷСֳԼۣ
ݰݣڹС㣡ξ٭ZЦŻֳȥˡ
쵰ûԣûĪϧĵĴС
ĪϧĽξ٭Z᰾ȻЦˣֻŵʱżŻ¶ЦݣֻǱ˺ûʶŰɣҾԻ㳼ҵġ
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ξ٭ZעŻ˰죬˵Ƕȥ˽ɽҵĶӣһ˵
ʡߣ֪˵ʲôҲûˣҶڻ˵ξ٭ZᰵȷܴǻΪ壬Ͳˡֻǻ֪֪ξ٭Zᰲξ٭Z᰹ıɽһǶѡ
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ξ٭Züͷ˵ⶼ˵Īϧô߾Ȼûǲ֪ԼɫˣǣǸڱָ
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ˣĪϧҶҪȥҾԲǸһһ˿һӽZᰵĻᣡξٳеµ͸¶ŨŨɱ⡣



ھ Բôǿ6
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Īϧһۣŵı鲻֪ĪϧܲˬĪϧ΢Ц˵ǰҵģô㲻ˣ˵仰֮ĪϧԼϿȷȷʵʵڰô׳յⰡ찡ǳǸ쵰Ĵ˵ʲôƨŪǷȥһúξ٭Z쵰ôÿҪʲôŮûУҪϲˣȻ쵰Ů˻Ҫÿ˰ҪǴȥҵ飬Ϊµһ˵ҾԲԼôĳţ
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Ű޵Ļ˽СȻһͤξ٭Z᰺һŮƷ졣ĵض㵽һߣŮòķ˾ȻǰĻ
㡭ˣZ檰ɣŶδ֦ϣֻξ٭Z᰺ܿĵĺͻӣԼŻûи㶨Ҫ檣ɣҪĪϧ֪ˣɾͲˣĪϧɲǺǵİԲ֪Ҫǲ˵޷ĻؿĻҲˡҸôźã
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ǣС¶˱԰Ȼһǲ̶תԵİңµӣνİƺʲôŮƺʲô鷢ˡ
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Դ͢һ֮󣬵һβμӻʵ۵ʱξ٭Z᰻ʲôֻǱڽŸ׸߸ϵڶ˳أ˵Լֵܵ˶ڸ׵ߣͬǷޡԼֻһ˹µڽ棬ûκע⵽ԼССĭZţ׵ٳʦ˵ԼӦǰףصġ
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Сξһ㣬ȴ˺öڵϣԲҲǹġ
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ξ٭ZڽţȻ񿴼Īϧͣعܣһ䷹ׯĶ¥߷ĪϧӰһ˲䣬еķʧӰ١
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Լе㼬ֲ𣿡ξ٭Zеܴˣеʧ䡣
ţһҪȥĵ￴һ£ҪҪһȥĪϧûξ٭Z᰻еʧ䣬˵ţǱ߳Ա˵Ӻ˵ֻʣȥûйϵ
ξ٭ZҲ˵ðҲûʲô顣
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ξ٭ZᰰţһֱĪϧĺ׿˰Σʣһ𣿡
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ģҳԷȻ㵱ȻҪǮˡĪϧһؿȻȻһЦҲã͵ʱæˡ
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ξ٭Z᰸Īϧĺ棬ĪϧһԲţξ٭ZҲʶȤزȥĪϧûй䣬ֱȥһ̣ȥһ̵̣֬ƹϻؼ硣
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ͣôŻԴ׵ġĪϧʱ㿪ӵףأ
ⲻãںµ֬أû棬ˡͷſĪϧŵξ٭ZᰣĪϧС˵λϴ๫ɣ
ξ٭Zᰶ¶һòԵ΢ЦЦʮţԾҲվûһ΢ЦȻ󣬳һ亹
šĪϧҲûйξ٭ZᰵĲ˵쵰ﲻҲǴѮʼⲻãԭҲΪһ̻֬ȻһµԵʰɣ
ϴ񰡣ǻûôأ֬ԼƵģԣֻһӰ죬ҲǺءһƵĸ֡
Ȼڸҵңǻ˭أĪϧ˼ţƬ֮˵磬֪ͨңߴҽҼҼУ
ϴָʶؿһξ٭Zᰡ
ţҼҡŶȻĪϧ˵ŰһۡˣĻʱͲȥѲʣµĵˣȻȥһˣϼˡǵýдҳԹȥû׼Եġ
ŶϴߣĪϧָȻξ٭Z֮ջƤЦ˵үߡ
һֱصĪϧŴӳ˼нѳξ٭Z˵ZᰣϿҾͲˣԼ
Īϧû˵꣬ξ٭Z˵ҸһȥϾ⵽Ҳ̫ġ
ĪϧЩؿξ٭Zᰣ飬Ҳͬˣ˵ðɣ׼һ¾͸ˣȥޡ
ĪϧԶıӰξ٭Z᰷оеĲ졣Īϧ飬͸ĵ飬ԼѾˣΪʲôܾԼĪϧһ֪Īϧ൱İеǹȥʶȥ˽ĳ嶯ξ٭Zȼһ˿־
ҾҪס㡣ξ٭Zа롣



ʮ Īϧ鷳2
ĪϧֱߵԼķ䣬ȥ֮󣬲ʶԼѾ˷ˣȥһ·ϣĪϧȷȷʵʵظоԼξ٭ZԽԽˡղ·ϣĪϧʹԼȥ룬ȥоξ٭ZᰵĴڣȻֻǶݵദĳһ˲䣬ĸоҸϧֶģҸĸоĪϧԵˣĪϧ˵ҸҸоʹ˱ô鷳
Īϧ˵ָԼңҵװ粢ûʲôı䣬޻ʰţѾ඼ʰˡ
ޣʰ׼һ£켯ᡣ˵
޷еĶ˵ֲ³Ϊʲô
ţ˵顣ɣʱ䲻ˡҵĽ𣿡Īϧš
ţȻСһֱһţôܻǡЦŴӹȡС
Īϧӹаһۣ˵ȻҵȫҵĪϧ򿪽֮һ൱ϸýװεĲӣһСĽСĪϧȡСĽУ֮һֻֻƯͨذףӯӯ̹⣬һ˿⣬ȥʮֵ󻬣൱һ˶ĵĸо
Īϧϸĵȡľ˿Ȼϡ
С㣬Ҫֻ𣿡޺Ŀ
šĪϧػش𣬡ȻеͻȻǽ˵һҪӡ
¶еף̧Īϧ֣˵ĪϧС㣬ͣ
Īϧޣ˵š
һᣬĪϧ޾ͳˣξ٭ZѾڵˡ
ֻһۣξ٭Z᰾ͿĪϧϵѩֻ֣꣡ξ٭ZĿĪϧгֻļֵ޷Ԥ
ֻ֪ӵ֣Īϧͬؿξ٭Zᰡ
ţ΢˵ξ٭Z᰿Īϧı飬ƺֻ֪ѩ
ֻӹȻǺ˲𰡣ţǼһһԵҵˡĪϧ΢Цſֻӡ
СһֱֻӵģֻҪŻϡСֻӵСںŶЦ˵
Īϧһ⻰̷˭ںǸͷңҲϲֻӶѣ
ţĪϧֻжˣξ٭ZûͷûԵһ䡣
ˡĪϧξ٭Zʣʲô𣿡
ξ٭ZŵؿĪϧƬ֮Ц
Цô֣ĪϧЦĪ
ûʲôĺ˲𰡣ξ٭ZЦĸĪ⡣
ʲô˼ĪϧЩŭؿξ٭Zᰡ
ξ٭Zᰲûлشֻͣ˵ڲȥ𣿽첻Ҫ𣿡
Īϧƺûлش˼ңڲǾЩʱˣҲ
һ·ϣĪϧ˵һʽξ٭Zֻǰؿ⣬˵
ѩ꣬һֻرΪһԭǣһֻ
Ǹıξ٭Zһֻ͸͸ʱ˵ֻֽѩ꣬Һϲǿϧһʸˣ͸ˡô˵͸ҲаټһֻԼѡԼˣΪ㻹Ļ᲻ϵǣĻҰҲãδҲã㡣׼𣿡
ʱξ٭Z᰽ˣϧûܹΪˡĵʮ죬ξ٭Z᰿ʼͷۣ֮ԽԽû취Ǹֻý˻ȥ˵ʲôԵˣֻҸطˡ
ĪϧĲһ򵥵ﰡξ٭Z롣
ܿ죬Īϧ¶ʮĴƹѾȫˡÿµļ֣شȻƤЦģǺԶǺġ
вξ٭ZᰶʶģΪõҲв٣ԲûʲôҸСǵҿʼ̸ʱξ٭ZֻԶԶһߣţš
ô˵ֻصε꣬֬꣬ƵĲϵ꣬ͬķׯľׯǮʵҩҵ걻ѹĵ궼ûг״Īϧе˱˵ҵ궼ǾӪ״õĵ̣Ҹǵƺ˹ġ
Ŷǰ˳ģ֪ô£ЩǷ˵ļһȫúܾƵأúˡңȫûа취˵ľСӵˣս
սʱǺģץסǷ˵Ƿ˵ÿһ©ᱻµģҪˣ˭ս𣬼һСӣԷķȻήͣ¸°빦
ˣȥ൱ءĪϧ˼һ˵ǴӶԷַûȫǵ·ƺҪǵĶԲأĸоĪϧֲԾĸѩ꣬־١
˳ֿʼĪϧһԲؿšƬ̣ĪϧֹҼȥ
飬Ǹ˳ǰ¶棬ʱżҴҪҪߴңӽҪʼ׼ˣ׼Ŷʮļ̵ӪĪϧһϯȻ󲨡
ŶϴҪʼ𣿡һ
ϴ˵ģ̫ˣ͵ȵòͷˡҲһı顣
ϴ󣬰Ҳӽȥɣ˵ǳߣǵĶķѾĪϧˡ
ɲУķô˵Ҳһְҵӽȥ󡣡Īϧԥؾܾˡ
ôϴúݵİСߣǱϴˣһѱסԱߵĳߣޡ
쵰Ҫôңߺһȭڵأۻǹճ۹޵úܴǣ˭ĳǼװģʵҶܸˡ
ξ٭ZԶԶؿţǾһһȻùµʼˣ룬֪Ҳͺˡ
ǣϴʱź𣿲˵𣿡˵ͬ
Īϧ¶ŵ΢Ц˵ȻΪˣҪÿ˽ԼĵһΣĻЩżǵĵһҲˣңҲڴǸҵļһʲôĶԲߡȾǿǵʵõ𣿡
˵ĻشһƬۡ
Ǿ岿ˣҶţĪϧʼմĵشξ٭Z᰿ţţģҫۡ
Īϧչĺ˳΢һ㣬˰ξ٭ZᰡƵξ٭ZᰵԱߣ˵𣿡
ᰡ㹻Ȥˡξ٭ZᰴȤ˵
ĺˣĪϧһۣΪʲôһأӦûвٺõĽİɣ
Ҳ˵ҲܴĺܺðɣҲǺСĺءξ٭ZֱĪϧ
Īϧɴֱһ¡Īϧæתߣ˵ҪôЦˣҲеԾòã֪Ц캦ģ
ξ٭Z᰾úЦⶺ˵ӦôЦѲҪһֱ
Īϧ޻˵
һΪҵģξ٭Z᰼Īϧ첻˵ͻȻôһ䡣
Īϧһæ˵ôģ˵Ҫúദ𣿡
ţúദһ٣ٶ˺ҵģҺĵģξ٭Z᰺ؿĪϧ˵
Īϧؿеͷˣ£ȷԼĲԣԼҲĪķһ뵽ϲɫ顣ĪϧֻЦ˵úã֪ˣ´һתһġ
תһ˺ңξ٭Zᰲĵ˵
ᣬ˵˺أô
˺ˣξ٭Zᰰڳһ˵ס
Īϧ۽ڳ鴤룺Ǵѧġˣװ˰ҲŲһף
㿴ɣ¶ˣ
Īϧξ٭Z᰾Ǹ
ʱ򣬱۵Ⱥȫ߼ξ٭Z᰺Īϧϡ
ϴϴ๫ȻܵǶ԰ĽĿ˵
ţǶͦƯġս˵
ܺõĸоͰС㣡޳ڴؿ
ϴĲҪˡֱס߿ˡ
쵰ҪճңˣǺһȭȥ
ߣţǱǶˣȥǣǣС֣˵
ڣĪϧҲʶΧ˵ĲԾε뿪ξ٭ZᰵߣҲʶȤظˣҲˡ
ܿ죬ֵشֻʣξ٭Z᰺Īϧεشš
ҶˣԭѾôˣȥԷɣ㳢ҼҳӵաĪϧ˵ž׼ˡ
Īϧξ٭ZͻȻĽס
Īϧػͷξ٭ZᰣΪҪ˵Щʲô
ĺܳԣξ٭Zһ˵
Īϧһᣬͷߣȥתˣξ٭ZЦŸȥ



ʮ Īϧ鷳3
ԷʱĪϧȥǺУѩҲѾСĵ˿ãյ˻СƺæøͲԼĵһ㡣ξ٭ZʹΪʲôĪϧش˵⼸ǸƹԼ̵ʱ䣬òŲ֣˵ȵ⼸һæͻһѣϢһ°ʱͲˡξ٭Z֪ĪϧԼѡ˾ε˼Īϧһӣξ٭Z᰾ԼûвֵıҪҲͲˡ
ԵһʱĪϧȻֱ꣬ضһֱûôӣغȾƵξ٭Zᰡξ٭ZᰱĪϧĻڣ¾ƱؿĪϧһЦôңһΪѾҿ
ϵǣĪϧûһš㲻ҪôЦˣǼ˵£
ξ٭Zһ㶣ЦЩӲ漴˸ŵЦݣ˵ûаΪʲôô˵
оҲǺܸȤԲ˵ġĪϧһЦ˲õξ٭Z᰼ԷûгԼڣĪϧһصطе룬˵Ǻܲˬ
ʲôξ٭ZѯʵؿĪϧ
ʲôʲôô͵ųԷ㲻𣿡ĪϧŭİһָֻſڣֻһƹƹҵӰܶĪϧһӰӽеȺ˲ͻȥһܼңЩѾͷȥøȥ
ǣС㣡Ϲܼҵ
СҲڣͿһò޵ĺӰӰɢķܿӳԺˡ
ϴʲôĶûôŰ۲
׳հܣϴŶ˵š
һᣬͰĪϧ߷ߵ˵ǵģһȺˣ
ˣ﷢ôƢҲǹ㣬뿴һǽչʲôط˶ѡξ٭ZЦеĪϧӹ
һȺôſ㻹ô򶨡Īϧеŭؿξ٭Zᰡ
Ǻǣϰˣߵǻһѵ˿ţҪÿζƽϣûûˡξ٭ZᰶĪϧŭ˿Ϊ⣬Цš
ǣҶɫ˰ɣĪϧȥʡЦݰԼ
Ǻǡξ٭Z᰸ЦͷеľƱ˵мð
ԣĪϧ̧ͷξ٭Z۵ˣһʱ侹Щ֪ˡξ٭Zᰣۡ
·оĪϧ۾עԼξ٭Z۾˲ʧӰ٣̶̧ͷӦĪϧߣ۽ǺЦղʲôҲûзƽĺܡ
Īϧξ٭Zᰵͻ侪ˣæתߣŵ˵Ҫ˵ĺһ¶Ƶأ㲻еֵǻʵأ˵ҲĹ¶òãڸͼǸΨһĵ

ĪϧƳһξ٭Zᰣξ٭Zᰵ۾ص˾ƱϡƸղǰˣҲƸղƽΣǳŪ
ĪϧʶԼ˵ʲôϣξ٭ZᰣֻǻʵյӶѣȨеĵط۸һЦĻ˵ڷοȨƣȺųӡ
ȿȣĪϧɿ̧ͷͷƫһߣ˵ǶˣôһȺ˵ļһţҲһۣܲˡһǸСճ㡣˵仰ʱĪϧеҧгݡ
ξ٭ZЩĿĪϧδ𻰡˰ΣĪϧһҧһۣͷת˵Ҳô˵Ҳ޸ˣһ˰仰һ˵ģ˵֮󣬲Ű۾һ۸պúξ٭Zǳ˫ӣξ٭ZؿԼǱôôˡ
ɡĪϧʶץȣǿʹԼûһ˲˳ȥ
ξ٭ZջǸ飬Ȼ˵û뵽㻹ᰲοأ漣
ĪϧŵĿξ٭ZᰣҲһ˿ҡ
ţֵˡ˯ɣԼйܼҴȥԷˡ˵ξ٭Z᰾Ϳ߳ȥˣһ߻һҡͷ·Լʲô캦һ
ξ٭ZᰲŸߵſڣ˵ʱʱ죬һתסĪϧӹĵӣЦе˵Ҷһˣлú˵
Īϧĵξ٭ZߺԶ֮󣬿ʼйƵسϵʳһ֮һСѾ˽һ䣺С㣡
ʲô£Īϧ͵ػͷСѾߡֻĪϧŭﻹһļȣƺð
СѾһĪϧ̱ŵû겻壬˵ãү˵С㣬ǣִ⣬ִ鷿ĻҪҪ磡
ֻĪϧкһСѾ߶ʱëһܳȥˡ
ʮָȻĪϧģͼҧгݡ
ξ٭Zᰴ˿ЦĺܿĵģչܼҵָĪϧĹ뷿ǰȻͷԺļɽһֻè˯ȻƤϵĵɹ¹⡣ξ٭Zһʱطɵ˼ɽϣֻèֻۿξ٭Zһۣ˯ˡ
ξ٭ZеԣһĵֻèԴϣ˵èְ׽󣡡ֻèܾˣ߿⣬Ȼǽϣˡ
һֱڰľеܲ˵Ŀξ٭Zᰵӣ˿ĭﵽԭүôģ˰
ξ٭Z᰺Ȼ˵ľ˵ʲô
ľһشˤȻϹϾسξ٭Zᰵߣ˵ү˵ĪСһ鷿ȫľһͷ亹
ξ٭ZĪϧ¼̳˵ţľڰĪϧˡ
үأ
ﲻµġУץĪϧһŵù֪𣿡
ǣ
ţˣԼҰɣ
ǣ
Īϧһ˷߷߲ƽĵ鷿ǰţƾʲôҼҲ˯Լңǵ˯鷿ɣɶξ٭Zᰣ´뱾Сһ˿ͬ飡ɶ¶ô˵İοȴһʲô˰ǣȻǺãǮʵʣߣ´ҪٱˣҾԲȥ㣡ˣ̫ˣҪЦ㣬Ҫ㣡ֱΪֹߺߣǺǣٺ٣
ĪϧЦȻַͣסؿڣҲػָƽͳѩ꣬˿ḧţﵽֻǲ̿һ¶˵ıѣֻѡ
ڴϵľĪϧı仯üͷ嵽һ



ʮ Īϧ鷳4
Īϧʼæµÿ飬ڸ֮תתȥæͷת򣬼ҲԽԽˣÿص֮󣬶۵Ķ·ˣĪϧźü춼Բˡ
ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧôæʵеۣԼôʾĪϧûһҪѰ˼ξ٭Zᰶеᡣ
ĳյϣΪ˰ʵ׼ٵѾξ٭Zᰵָʾ͹ˡһɼƷɽʯĵɣʵػǵ񹤣ԿϵļƷǱʷ׿ղԼҵģ׿е汾£ϳǸڳҲһȽϳɹ̰ˡֻϧĵ֮£ȫΡ
ξ٭ZᰰеϸЦ⣬Ž˵ٵĲ
о֪㣬ţεشЯһȡһ𼸺һģһŵξ٭ZᰵϣүôǼٵİ
ξ٭ZʾһԵľе͵ȫϨľӦֻһ˲䣬еĵƶϨˡʱȴԣɢĵɫâ
õһҪ͸ʵ۰ˮˡ
ľµеĵ֮ξ٭Z΢ЦŶԽ˵ʹǻʹڵĲرҲ֮ʱȥ͵ͺˡ
ţүʵһֱûи˵ڲرҵǾȥ䣬öǲ٣Ҳûʲôֵ͵Ķүÿ͵ЩƷȫһ㶼Ҳţʵ϶Ҳ۹֪ʲôõĶصûʵ
һ˵Իȴûע⵽ξ٭Zᰵɫһ˲ޱȡ
Ϲأٵ𻹸׿Ҿ͸ˡξ٭Z᰺ָܿɫݸľȥպãεذٵյԼĲ档
үҿʲôҲûţ˵ģҪҰҰյġԹؿξ٭Z˵
˻ãʱҪȻ˵ҰգҲŲʲôջûС׿˻һղؼءξ٭Z᰽һڲ裬˵ţһĺò衣
СһͷЦ˵ٺ٣һСջˣ
ȿȣվһԵˮɿһ£һԼĴڡôүҪ֮ȥһǸ׿ǰɣҾôһ鰡ˮıе㲻ɻһʹüͷһɷϴڡ
ţξ٭ZƺлҪ˵
б飿ˮزξ٭ZᰣȻһ˿ĲԾСҮξ٭ZСӾȻ᲻찡ǲǳԴҩˣǣ˼顣Ҫرɫ˰ɣ
ˮɲʱаұĪϧһʱ䣿ˮ²ξ٭Zʲôʱξ٭Z᰺Ȼۡ
ʱξ٭Z֮У˻ûг֣ľˮȫξ٭Z仰֮Ȼ˳걻ɫɴľ⣬ȫǿһֻĸһı顣
үүȻںڶ˵ĵź
˲ݣ˲үɣһ𾪣ŵץľҡΡ
ľһ޹ʵı飬˵ǣһ֪ʲôأ
ˮһߣξ٭Z᰼̲֮סˡ찡Цˣûɣ찡쿴̫ˡ
Ҷˮ֪ˣǿһ绪ŮĿЦľĸ첲̲סпһѡ簡
Ȼˮֹͣ˴ЦҲʵվãɴضŵ棬ûеطԶࡣľεؼվţΪʲôȺһͲ֪үë˿Ǻֲܿġ
ʱ֮ξ٭ZЦĸᣬɱΡʲô𣿡
ȫûУ˺ľֻǰԼɴһ㣬ʾ޹ء
ԼڷνүҪҪ̫ԼˡȻҲа취ڹȥ̫鷳ˣúûűȽϺãξ٭Z᰼ϵ飬۾̧˵
Щ㳤һ˵ʲôˣȻүү
ˣǰɣˮľ˼ĿŽֻǿһ۽𣬼ŵ治κۡ
ˮӦ𣿡ξ٭ZûǵĲ˵
ˮ¶ɫһ̬ԥ˵ǣҲܰҹģҿ»
ˮھܾ𣿡һ󺮷紵
УȻûáʲô˰вŴİˮĶס
ξ٭Z̧ۿˮ
ǺǣΪ֤İȫˮң´ξԶ㡣
ţлˡֻʱĶѣһᾡһӺʵѡġϵʱ򣬷Īϧסҵĸڣľžˣͷˡξ٭Z᰷е顣
ǣôϣҿ𣿡ˮô
ǺǣĪϧҲˣôʼඡû飬ҶԻȥˡξ٭ZᰵĻ˵꣬ˮʧˣҲѸٵʧˣľҲξ٭Z᰿ĵطȥˡ
˶֮ξ٭ZʶĻһʱѾˣĪϧûлξ٭ZܾеȻ뵽ʲôһߵ⣬˵ľֻڸߣ㲻ظˡ
ĪϧʱѾӽʱˡĪϧļ֮£Լط˯ˣɱѾ߰ĪϧˮĪϧԼԡˡ
Īϧص䣬۵ĲСΪɽû뵽ǲϵĳ⣬ԤĶ໨һľ
ˣɶ컹Ҫ𣬵˭һֱڸԣˣûԶˣˣ˯ɡĪϧԼĴȥ
Īϧ׼£һ㣬ͷȥȴξ٭Zůжһࡣ
ˣҰ㰾࣬˯ǰȰɣҷҩȥô˯Ҳ˯ȵİɡξ٭ZЦĺᣬЩαЦʹѣȴܰģĪϧѾ۵καˣ΢ЦȴԼϡ
ҰģĪϧе֪ʡ
ţξ٭Z£Сذ¡
ĪϧȥһԲӣСĵغһڣţ¶ȸպãء
ޣĿ޳
Īϧ̧ͷЦ˵лÿô鷳ɲá
ʲôأֻ˯ţԼ࣬Сİвòꡣûطʱˣˣ°һ£˳ͷһЩҩˡҿûÿ㰾Ȼҹð˯ˣ˼ǵð봦ãҪñ˷ˡξ٭Zᰵƽ˵ˣһҲûлͷ
ξ٭ZߺĪϧһ˷˻֮һԲغ࣬ߵſڣֱӰӵ˻԰Աߵ棬ĵѾϨˣϷţϨ͵ƣ˯ȥˡ
Īϧɵ˴֮һ䣺Ȼ۹ͷˣŻ˼롣Ҳ԰ξ٭ZôϲпŮˣ˯ǲҪлһأ
԰ξ٭Zڼɽ棬ָԼĶͷԶһѳ໨롣
ֱ˵˹ֵĻˡãո̫ҲУֻߵĸԶǺ鷳ξ٭Z᰷߷ߵؿǰ໨룬Ƶ˵ľ£Բ˵ȥ
ڶ죬ξ٭Z𴲵ʱ򣬸ǰźϴѾ˵ĪϧѾ޳ˡϴ֮󣬹ܼҰͶ˹˵үϳ֮ǰү׼ġүá˵ʹ˶뿪ˡ
ĪϧΪ׼ģξ٭Z᰺ؿ࣬ȥһɺҶ㡣Աһֽչֻ֮д֣
ǳһڣζֻࡣŮˣм˻ڴϺģξ٭Z᰿Цһ£ǻǰһڲʣغˡ
Ȼȵģȴк粻ʱشξ٭ZĻ԰ˮͤϾʱ䣬Ͼܾûܵأ֪ĪϧڸæĽͷö˰ɡ
ûάֶãδֵʱð˳
Zᰣ籡Īϧȥˣ԰ţޱʡ
ѽһΪ˲أԭǱͼĪϧȥˡξ٭Zеϣ۾ǺЦ˵
ҲšûУ㵹ĺаűһ죬ξ٭ZᰵԱ죬ҿǺò˸ģ֪Щڸʲô
ξ٭ZĶһ£΢΢۾һţű۾ֻѧξ٭ZᰵƣҲϣȻԹ˵ĸˣܲˣ뿪ôãһ㶼û䣬ϵҪ¡ʲôǣʲôѧʣҲֻܵǡ
Դˣξ٭Zᰲûж⣬ͰϢˣԶż춼ûгֵ鲢е档
쵽Ϊʲôģ
Ŷϵ˵ҪϴĪϧȥҼҳԷĪϧһҪȥ˵ҪܸĪϧʶһĲͷڼҳҼµˣһ߶Ҿͷðţ紵Ū˯ˡŴһǷ
ξ٭Zٴ۾ʱѾ˯ˡ
ǣξ٭Z᰿ŵᡣξ٭Zվ̲סָŵ˯ϻȻ¶һˣૣʼ˯ء
ξ٭Z֪߳ͤһ¹ܼŵ״ͳȥĪϧȥˡ



ʮ Īϧ鷳5
Īϧʼæµÿ飬ڸ֮תתȥæͷת򣬼ҲԽԽˣÿص֮󣬶۵Ķ·ˣĪϧźü춼Բˡ
ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧôæʵеۣԼôʾĪϧûһҪѰ˼ξ٭Zᰶеᡣ
ĳյϣΪ˰ʵ׼ٵѾξ٭Zᰵָʾ͹ˡһɼƷɽʯĵɣʵػǵ񹤣ԿϵļƷǱʷ׿ղԼҵģ׿е汾£ϳǸڳҲһȽϳɹ̰ˡֻϧĵ֮£ȫΡ
ξ٭ZᰰеϸЦ⣬Ž˵ٵĲ
о֪㣬ţεشЯһȡһ𼸺һģһŵξ٭ZᰵϣүôǼٵİ
ξ٭ZʾһԵľе͵ȫϨľӦֻһ˲䣬еĵƶϨˡʱȴԣɢĵɫâ
õһҪ͸ʵ۰ˮˡ
ľµеĵ֮ξ٭Z΢ЦŶԽ˵ʹǻʹڵĲرҲ֮ʱȥ͵ͺˡ
ţүʵһֱûи˵ڲرҵǾȥ䣬öǲ٣Ҳûʲôֵ͵Ķүÿ͵ЩƷȫһ㶼Ҳţʵ϶Ҳ۹֪ʲôõĶصûʵ
һ˵Իȴûע⵽ξ٭Zᰵɫһ˲ޱȡ
Ϲأٵ𻹸׿Ҿ͸ˡξ٭Z᰺ָܿɫݸľȥպãεذٵյԼĲ档
үҿʲôҲûţ˵ģҪҰҰյġԹؿξ٭Z˵
˻ãʱҪȻ˵ҰգҲŲʲôջûС׿˻һղؼءξ٭Z᰽һڲ裬˵ţһĺò衣
СһͷЦ˵ٺ٣һСջˣ
ȿȣվһԵˮɿһ£һԼĴڡôүҪ֮ȥһǸ׿ǰɣҾôһ鰡ˮıе㲻ɻһʹüͷһɷϴڡ
ţξ٭ZƺлҪ˵
б飿ˮزξ٭ZᰣȻһ˿ĲԾСҮξ٭ZСӾȻ᲻찡ǲǳԴҩˣǣ˼顣Ҫرɫ˰ɣ
ˮɲʱаұĪϧһʱ䣿ˮ²ξ٭Zʲôʱξ٭Z᰺Ȼۡ
ʱξ٭Z֮У˻ûг֣ľˮȫξ٭Z仰֮Ȼ˳걻ɫɴľ⣬ȫǿһֻĸһı顣
үүȻںڶ˵ĵź
˲ݣ˲үɣһ𾪣ŵץľҡΡ
ľһ޹ʵı飬˵ǣһ֪ʲôأ
ˮһߣξ٭Z᰼̲֮סˡ찡Цˣûɣ찡쿴̫ˡ
Ҷˮ֪ˣǿһ绪ŮĿЦľĸ첲̲סпһѡ簡
Ȼˮֹͣ˴ЦҲʵվãɴضŵ棬ûеطԶࡣľεؼվţΪʲôȺһͲ֪үë˿Ǻֲܿġ
ʱ֮ξ٭ZЦĸᣬɱΡʲô𣿡
ȫûУ˺ľֻǰԼɴһ㣬ʾ޹ء
ԼڷνүҪҪ̫ԼˡȻҲа취ڹȥ̫鷳ˣúûűȽϺãξ٭Z᰼ϵ飬۾̧˵
Щ㳤һ˵ʲôˣȻүү
ˣǰɣˮľ˼ĿŽֻǿһ۽𣬼ŵ治κۡ
ˮӦ𣿡ξ٭ZûǵĲ˵
ˮ¶ɫһ̬ԥ˵ǣҲܰҹģҿ»
ˮھܾ𣿡һ󺮷紵
УȻûáʲô˰вŴİˮĶס
ξ٭Z̧ۿˮ
ǺǣΪ֤İȫˮң´ξԶ㡣
ţлˡֻʱĶѣһᾡһӺʵѡġϵʱ򣬷Īϧסҵĸڣľžˣͷˡξ٭Z᰷е顣
ǣôϣҿ𣿡ˮô
ǺǣĪϧҲˣôʼඡû飬ҶԻȥˡξ٭ZᰵĻ˵꣬ˮʧˣҲѸٵʧˣľҲξ٭Z᰿ĵطȥˡ
˶֮ξ٭ZʶĻһʱѾˣĪϧûлξ٭ZܾеȻ뵽ʲôһߵ⣬˵ľֻڸߣ㲻ظˡ
ĪϧʱѾӽʱˡĪϧļ֮£Լط˯ˣɱѾ߰ĪϧˮĪϧԼԡˡ
Īϧص䣬۵ĲСΪɽû뵽ǲϵĳ⣬ԤĶ໨һľ
ˣɶ컹Ҫ𣬵˭һֱڸԣˣûԶˣˣ˯ɡĪϧԼĴȥ
Īϧ׼£һ㣬ͷȥȴξ٭Zůжһࡣ
ˣҰ㰾࣬˯ǰȰɣҷҩȥô˯Ҳ˯ȵİɡξ٭ZЦĺᣬЩαЦʹѣȴܰģĪϧѾ۵καˣ΢ЦȴԼϡ
ҰģĪϧе֪ʡ
ţξ٭Z£Сذ¡
ĪϧȥһԲӣСĵغһڣţ¶ȸպãء
ޣĿ޳
Īϧ̧ͷЦ˵лÿô鷳ɲá
ʲôأֻ˯ţԼ࣬Сİвòꡣûطʱˣˣ°һ£˳ͷһЩҩˡҿûÿ㰾Ȼҹð˯ˣ˼ǵð봦ãҪñ˷ˡξ٭Zᰵƽ˵ˣһҲûлͷ
ξ٭ZߺĪϧһ˷˻֮һԲغ࣬ߵſڣֱӰӵ˻԰Աߵ棬ĵѾϨˣϷţϨ͵ƣ˯ȥˡ
Īϧɵ˴֮һ䣺Ȼ۹ͷˣŻ˼롣Ҳ԰ξ٭ZôϲпŮˣ˯ǲҪлһأ
԰ξ٭Zڼɽ棬ָԼĶͷԶһѳ໨롣
ֱ˵˹ֵĻˡãո̫ҲУֻߵĸԶǺ鷳ξ٭Z᰷߷ߵؿǰ໨룬Ƶ˵ľ£Բ˵ȥ



ʮ Īϧ鷳6
ڶ죬ξ٭Z𴲵ʱ򣬸ǰźϴѾ˵ĪϧѾ޳ˡϴ֮󣬹ܼҰͶ˹˵үϳ֮ǰү׼ġүá˵ʹ˶뿪ˡ
ĪϧΪ׼ģξ٭Z᰺ؿ࣬ȥһɺҶ㡣Աһֽչֻ֮д֣
ǳһڣζֻࡣŮˣм˻ڴϺģξ٭Z᰿Цһ£ǻǰһڲʣغˡ
Ȼȵģȴк粻ʱشξ٭ZĻ԰ˮͤϾʱ䣬Ͼܾûܵأ֪ĪϧڸæĽͷö˰ɡ
ûάֶãδֵʱð˳
Zᰣ籡Īϧȥˣ԰ţޱʡ
ѽһΪ˲أԭǱͼĪϧȥˡξ٭Zеϣ۾ǺЦ˵
ҲšûУ㵹ĺаűһ죬ξ٭ZᰵԱ죬ҿǺò˸ģ֪Щڸʲô
ξ٭ZĶһ£΢΢۾һţű۾ֻѧξ٭ZᰵƣҲϣȻԹ˵ĸˣܲˣ뿪ôãһ㶼û䣬ϵҪ¡ʲôǣʲôѧʣҲֻܵǡ
Դˣξ٭Zᰲûж⣬ͰϢˣԶż춼ûгֵ鲢е档
쵽Ϊʲôģ
Ŷϵ˵ҪϴĪϧȥҼҳԷĪϧһҪȥ˵ҪܸĪϧʶһĲͷڼҳҼµˣһ߶Ҿͷðţ紵Ū˯ˡŴһǷ
ξ٭Zٴ۾ʱѾ˯ˡ
ǣξ٭Z᰿ŵᡣξ٭Zվ̲סָŵ˯ϻȻ¶һˣૣʼ˯ء
ξ٭Z֪߳ͤһ¹ܼŵ״ͳȥĪϧȥˡ
ܿ죬Īϧپͱξ٭Zᰲˡ˳һ£ξ٭ZǵǲСġ
ҽõһС弣һòõĹӣеƷ裬ξ٭Z᰾ôԱߡ
үôһ˵ŮôҲǺû˵һ𲻸ˣĻʵҪ֪飬ܻ޵ġȻᱻݵҲع˰ɣҿϴɱܴ⣬㿴ôȥһ㶯ûУҸһϣﶼûг֡ξ٭Z᰸ȥλӾúܵ͵߶š
ҿˣʱ˰ҩ𣿡ξ٭Z΢ЦŻش𣬶ΪԼ׼Ĳˮһ֮󣬰Ѳȥ
ôȣеʧ˵
Ǻò裬Ҫ飬ξ٭Z᰼΢ЦˮĶҩûа²˴ˡ
Уǰ湫ӣԭˮξ٭Zᰵ֮ڱṦͲľô뻯ټԼֲԸЩǾԼݣν޷죬κɤԸı䡣ˮôظĪϧΪ˷ֹ⻹౸˼Ƥϡ
ˮĪϧûУʲô鷳ξ٭Z᰺Ȼʡ
û鷳йأĪϧӽϳ֮һֱ߶Ѿ˲ҵˣûһֱͽߵģһֱں涼ˣֲṦܣôȣҺߴһ㶼ܣ˿˿ͦǴߵԵʣʱˮȫʲôʡ
ξ٭ZˮıԹȴĪϧҿࡣ
˵Ҳ֣ĪϧÿһҵɫͲһ֣᲻ʲô鷳Ѿʱˣôˮξ٭ZŵĪϧһξ٭Zᰵı飬һ߻˵Īϧ
ǲǳʲôˣȻ仰ξ٭ZеɫЩš
Ҳ֪үΪʲôԼȥһ㲻ģˮЦؿξ٭Zᰡ
ξ٭ZҲգ˵֪ܲòοһµģǲҵһƬİ˵꣬ξ٭ZվˮһԵЦݣ߿ȥˡ
̵ģȺô죿ˮξ٭Z߿ıӰεҧгݡ
ˮĲξ٭Z֮ԽԽˣȫһЩС㣬Ѿȫˡ
ξ٭Z߽Ǽ󣬵ﲢûпˣҲûпޣֻںĪϧ̸š
ĪϧӿŹ̨ɫȥе㲻Ҳһüı顣
ʲô𣿡ξ٭ZߵĪϧʡ
عص˸񣬡ү򸣣Ůȥ裬⣡˵žƵȥˡ
ĪϧԳԾĿξ٭Zᰵĵüʣô
ξ٭ZЦ˵ιҿרģɲԲôüؿҰ
ĪϧһԼչһüͷ˵˼鷳ʲô𣿡
ʦϹȥò֪ͣͨġ
ֻĪϧüͷʣԲȥ𣿡
²УʦӻˣǳְѵĲܻһΣʦӦʶġξ٭ZϸĪϧɫ˵
ĪϧһΪѣһ£Ӧˡξ٭Z᰿ĪϧΣѣ̲ס˵ǲʲô鷳ҪҰæ𣿡
ˡĪϧû˿ԥ˵绹£ʱһԼȥģûԼȥæɡ
ξ٭ZǿĵĲãǺɫ˵ʲôŵ͸ҰɣҲģӦǿ԰ﵽġ
Īϧ̧ۿξ٭Zᰣ΢Цһ£˵õģһᴦõġ
ξ٭Z᰻˵Щʲôͼ޺ͳ߽ˡԭǱĪϧѰȥˡ
үμү΢һ񣬲нҲûʲô򶨵վһ£ƺе㲻ףֻǳξ٭Zᰵһͷ˾䡰үˡ
ξ٭ZȻﲻ̫ʹ죬΢ЦӦһ¡Īϧ˵ZҪˣûȻȥɣ
ξ٭ZĪϧ˵仰뿪˵ЩʲôǺôû˵뿪ˡ
ξ٭Z᰸ߣҲˣ˵˵ˣҲҳˣĪϧҪ¹˵꣬Īϧһͬĺζׯ
ĺζׯҲǴŽգδӭͣһȺ˶¥żΧһϸȥĪϧޣϴᵽıѹҵĵҽã򸾣ͬƣ棬Ǯʣг۶ˡ֣϶д֡
ԭһ磬Īϧ֪֬꣬֬һҹ֮ȫصǣǰһ죬һ׮ӣʮϵ֬˵ȡҲ죬ʱ޷Ҫ屶ļ۸⳥֪ʮϵ֬ļ۸Ѿܸˣٷ屶ôҵض
ĪϧֱҪȻҵ꣬ͬ״ͬ⣬Ҷ콻ͬķׯһİ˰˵Ҫͣǲ֪ΪΣǰȥʳʱгʳȫϡͬгŸȽϺõĵ򣬵еĵ̶ǺԼͬ״򲻵ʳġ
ۺͳﵹûʲô飬ǱйǲġĪϧһ˵ЩĴȥ̽ϢˣЩ͵ĶȫһͷûСЩʳĿ϶ҪҸĲֿţǾҵĲֿȫһ飬ûзκ˿



ʮ Īϧ鷳7
ĪϧüͷϸţصͷСڰ֮ڴྺĵ꣬һõļҵ꣬Ȼ׼һʱ顣Կ϶˳ġȻЩҶֱӽƹģԼûֱӲ룬Ҳ֪ҲЩıϰ壬˿˽ⲻ٣ѾıѾõİɣΪʲôƫƫʱأʱõʱʱѹҲǲ̫ջİɣʱɲ԰ҪңҶ֣֮ĵҲ⵽شĲŶԡ˭ڱǴʲôĿأ
ϴϴ󣡡ͬεĪϧ˵ϴȲҪЩˣ֮ǽеΣɣ
ţ˵öԣϴʲôǿ԰æ𣿡һʡ
ĪϧһȺ˿Լ۾ʱȲЩǿԼ˵ţ˵ûȥܱߵ򲹻ü
ϴ̳ǿ򵽣ܱߵȻѷʹ򵽣ƷҲȻһأʱԴγñȻᱻǸץסѱ˵
ţûϴǵƷҺͽԼƣԼġǴӱĵطҲһõ˵
ϴǼʹǿĽͬҪҵʳģٵȥ¾ˡ˵Ǿ棬ͬһ򽻺á
ϴﻹãҸսһҩȥߣ峿ʹȫĻǿȴͬɣ˵ȻǮʡ
Ҳ׷ױʾҪȴͬ顣ͬһж˵ҲＴʹǽ첻Ҳڿⲻ˶ǮǣֻҪϲϣǱضᵹ
ûϵܿ취ģһֱĴ˵
Īϧǣ˵Ǳˣҵĵ꣬ҲῴκһҵģҡĿǼ
ϴ󣡡ҿĪϧ
ĪϧõһЦ˵ҲҪôüģҿǵϴһа취ġ
˱ĪϧЦȾеĲ˺öࡣ
һֱһŵ޺Ȼ˵С㣬֪ҵЩһõƷ⡣
Īϧޡ
޺ܼ˵ʹС㣬ȥүѰɣ
Īϧ˼ûõİ취ȥʹѰЩ̫ѡξ٭Zڹеĵλߣ᲻أҲȷûбİ취ˡô죿Ҫȥ𣿡
Īϧ˼ʱͻȻС¥
ϰ壬ϰ壡¥˺öˣкöӣ
˴󾪣¥鿴ֻſͣźöϷ˴ľ䡣һ˼ĪϧֱӾ͹ˣ˵ǿĪϧĪС㣿
Īϧԥص˵ͷ
±ϹϾ˵ĪС㣬ԶھֵʦЩǸղλүԸСġ
Щʲô
СԹĿʦشһӣģȫ֬༸䣬ֱװ˲ϣΣҩ
һᣬ½˼װ˸ʳģٿȥװźܶССľ̳
ĪϧԾؿǰһУȻѸкǰ鿴ȻԼ֮ЩȫƷҲ
ĪϧʹµģЩ˭ģ
µ˵λү˵ĪСȻ
Īϧ˰˷֣˼ʹѸٵĽЩˣĪϧ֪һײβĸĪԣǾĪϧ˽⣬˳˻֮⣬Բ飻һȻξ٭ZˣϱżһǴүǾԲһ򵥵˼ȥп˾ξ٭Zˣˡ
Īϧ˼һᣬԸƹ˵ǿԼҪĶûȥһбңÿļ۸񱨸ңʣµԼŽˡǻȥ
˵Īϧקظϡ˲һᣬޱקſˡ
СС㣬ҡҿˡʵ߲ˣֱ
鷳ǴֲôɡĪϧͣԹĿޡ
⡭Ǻǡôܻõ㡭εس淭˸ۡ
Īϧܣһ÷꣬һ˽ȥ
һᣬӵ߳һ꣬ŵǣޡſڵ˲䣬·ϵŮһļС
ԼظˣˡĪϧװĪϧ޵װ֮£İŮ˵סˡ
Ȼ˵ĿУĪϧͷɵ˷Ѹٳȥˣһ˿ͣӰ
Īϧĸϻʱ򣬹ܼƺſڵʲôˡ
үأĪϧܼҾʡ
ǡ𣿡ܼҵѾˣֻͲ֪ôˣүȥˣϵĪϧѰԼξ٭ZȸܼҸ֪ȥ򡣣
ǣװĪϧô߽侩ǵһ¥ĪϧղΪ˷ްһװĺܷ㰡ǺǣǺǣ
Ϊǰ죬Ǵ磬ڲûʲôˡĪϧ߽һ˲䣬ЩݺݺǵĿȫˡϡ
ӢĹӰ
ţξٹӲ֪˭ȽϺÿأ
ۣˣ
֪ϲʲôŮأ
Ǻ̫Сأ᲻öְ
˵ĪϧҲͷۡŮװĪϧȷ൱·Ҳʱʱв۵ĵͽǰɧţǲڵһЦǣľ硣һװ֮󣬾һȼˣ೬ɰʮ꣬Ӣȴ޶¶һ˿ģһ˫۲Եģֻһ۾ܿĳȡǸղŽϵļк͹ܼҵĲԭˡĪϧǺǣôߵҸø˻Ǹÿأ
һпԼ˼ʮ꣬һǰʣϣλСүһûʲôϲĹﰡҪҪҰܼѽˮˡ
Ǹξ٭ZĪϧѹɤװʵһȺŮɫĿ⿴ţǺܲġ
ѽĪϧװ˵Ļ˵ļС
һУ¥ϵоµķٵŽ˳Ҳϵٵξ٭Z᰽˳
ξ٭Zؿ˺һʱ֮¥½еξٹӣλСү˵
ξ٭Z˼Ưк˭ڻǴĪϧǷŭУϳˣ˵ɣ
ĪϧŮעĿ֮£һһ¥ϵķ䡣Īϧװ֮󣬼ʹ·ҲţһŮӵ֬ûС
ſƯкӣξ٭Z᰺ʶҲ߽ϵķ䡣



ʮ Īϧ鷳8
Īϧ߽ϵķ֮󣬳ξ٭Z᰺֮⣬һŮˣ䷿ϵĪϧȫǰˣѰξ٭Zᰵˡ
áˣĪϧи̾ϵòǣ֮λĴ¥֮ףҪԭӦþˡĪϧϸϸϵŮգϵһɫɴ֣ʹͬΪŮӵĪϧÿҪѳֲסˡξ٭Z᰾Ůһ𰡣Īϧţз𵭵ʧ䡣
Īϧϵʱξ٭Z᰺ҲװĪϧڷ˼λǺηʥܿͱ˵òȥˣ˵ʵξ٭Z⣬ӣȻ˼Ĵźͷʺһλˡ
ξ٭ZᰵеˡǱĪϧ糿Ǿǧ֮ˣξ٭Z͵͵ظĪϧ˽⵽֮ٶȷԸȥʹֱЩ֮صĪϧһͬԼ֣Īϧ¥ѰԼڼʶϵò֮ûԾŮ˶⣬ȡñȽϺõķչһжеĺ˳ĪϧҲܳɹıϵòˡֻһжװĪϧֵ˲ˣԭõЩ˵ҲȫʧȥãĪϧϵֳŮˣʲôÿģɱΪڵƽү֮ξ٭ZᰵһƿԵ״
ڵնʱ൱졣
ϵһϻ۹ˣʹĪϧһװҺϵᵽһ˿Ů˶еĪϧɢٿһξ٭Zᰵı飬Ҳ˴롣ǺòسĪϧ΢Цһ£Ҿ
ѽЦˣôô˵ģĪϧﰧ۾һûϵ뿪
λƽˣϵϵЦӯӯؿĪϧ
ĪϧһŮ˵΢ЦʶһӾѹξ٭ZᰵʽЦݡȻݺݵصһԱߵξ٭Zһۣξ٭ZᰣݣȻͷξ٭ZһֱһֺԻ鿴ԼӲˬˡȻǺɫ֪ŮģĪϧŲֿһţб˭Ӻÿ
һֱоĪϧòԽԽԾȻӳĺĪϧ˻᲻Īϧ֮ܵģȻϵô˵һˡ
㡭ĪϧָĪϧ˼ĴС
ʲôУûŮװĪϧͷĳźһ䣬ȻͿŵִ䣬û
Һ𰡣űĪϧ䣬ּԼ£е
һǲҪվ˵ˣ̸ɣϵЦ˾
Īϧԥһ£˵лҪү̸һ£ɷرܣ
õģϵȥԸһ³λƲ˺ˡ˵ϵͺŵ˳ȥ
һᣬ˰ѾƲ˶ˣĪϧ˵˾䣺Ƕȥɣ
ŻľͷһĪϧһžͷл̲ס˵˻
Īϧô˵Ҳˣ˻ҩ
ĪϧҲ˵ǲšξ٭Z᰿Σ˵ţȳȥɣ˵ģǵóȥŴϣҿɲĺ
ξ٭Zô˵ˣҲڨڨسȥˡ
һȥĪϧһξ٭Zᰣְͷƫһߣ¥Լˣб£ôƯŮȥϲϲˣȻųĺܺÿҲڰɣһװźÿʲô˰
ξ٭ZĪϧʣ˵ʲô
ĪϧһͷɵߵĻȥȻԼĿģ˵Ϊʲô˸ң
ξ٭Z֪Īϧղ˵Ĳ£ǻǽŻشˣҲû˸㡣
ûô֪ҵ飿ĪϧĿš
ξ٭ZҲЩˣûзйֻƽ˵ֻ˱㣬˳֪鷳ͰһѶѡ
˵ҪİЩȫԼģĪϧֱξ٭Zᰵ۾ƺл
ξ٭ZᰱĿŵˣһû˵
Īϧֽ˵һЩϤм۸Ǯġ
ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧžǿܵЩü΢̾˺þò˵ҵĺľô𣿡
Īϧû뵽ξ٭Z᰻ͻȻôһ仰һʱ֪˵
֪һԼֻǼȻбȽϷİ취Ϊβأξ٭Z᰻һ¿˵
ҪɹֻܿԼκ˶ΣյġĪϧ³仰
ķ쾭ģξ٭Z᰺˵仰ȫŲ졣
һӣȫ˵ˣŸԵ¡
˺þãξ٭Z᰺ȻЦ־ʵҽ㲢ûκ˼ֻǾֻ֮͡˵Ǻ飬˵ʱȻҲҪҽ㣬ΪԺҪѡƽʱôǴڸȤ˺ܺѣ飬ʹҲ쵽㲻κθϾҲΪһȥ𡣡
ҪĴ𰸰ɣҸ㣡ǵģŮ˻鷳ķĻ治ô򵥵鰡ξ٭Z롣
Īϧξ٭Zᰣ˼ʵԡ
ǻǰúദξ٭ZЦӯӯؿĪϧ˵˳ֵϵһˮƵݸĪϧ
Īϧξ٭Z񣬺ȻЦˣ˵ֻ̫ˣеˣҪ⣡ӹˮƣһǣ㻹ǲ˸ң
Ҷ˵ˣֻ˱ѣϴ̵ˣξ٭ZЦŸһۡ
ҲȸһǣȻҪҾû취ˣӦԲҵ飡
ãӦǣܲôңżһҵĺѵܿô˼ˣҺȻѡǳΪѣ͸Ķ͵ǼҲûǮˡֻɾԲܼŶ˵ãҵһ㶼Ǻѵġξ٭Zᰴ⣬һһշĪϧ
ĪϧһᣬԼľƱڸξ٭ZǰľƱϣʾξ٭Z᰾ƱĪϧԼľƱξ٭Zһ£˵ɽ
ȻĪϧʹŶӶˣֽ˺üԵģʼ˴áξ٭Z΢ЦſĪϧԣԼҲ̲סһˡ
ֱദˣ·ղŵûз
ֻξ٭Zûз֣ĪϧҲûз֣ԼǶԷУŨĻıˡ
Ե;ξ٭Z᰺Ȼһ¡
ղ˵Һɫô£
ۣĪϧպһڵȫ˳Һξ٭ZñȽϿ죬ҪȻ̫ˡ㡭ˣ
ţúעϰ֮˶֪£˵ȫӿԵ
ķ˻ˣǲҪȥʦҵģĪϧͼȥ
Ȼ֪Ǵ仰ΪһҪ˵ȻûʲôϲŮӣǾû֮񱡣ûŶ˵Ψһںˣûôӡ
ٺ٣
ţװȷŮװÿˣ㲻Ͷ̥˰ɣϧҶûʲôȤ˵ҪŮװҲôÿã˵һ΢ϵġ
Ǻǣ졭֪ˣĪϧں޲ðѳǸ칫Լѹô죬ڻҪξ٭Z衣
֪´ξͲҪҲʲôĪ뷨УŵǸ
ǣү



ʮһ ˲1
㷹֮Īϧ˵ԼҪȥ׼뿪ˡξ٭ZԴӽ˻ʹ֮󣬵һγԷôЩˣ˵ҪСһᣬԼʱһͬǰ
Īϧ֮Щ߷߲ƽ룺иԼ˵Ҫ¥˯һļһʲô˰
ĪϧԼŪˣػץʱ䰴ǸɣϻҪȥҳԷء
ĪϧһڵŮӴŴķ֮󣬾;˹ȥ
ţ𣿡ĪϧŶ룬ͿذһŮڻüмŮԱ߿šűĪϧĴ뾪һ£һˡ
ŵһһתĪϧʱµŵģ
˵ϵôЩԭ㶼õֵط˰Īϧ˿ûŵӰ졣
һ⻰ͺˣͦһ㣬˵ҪܣȥŻһ¶ʱξ٭Zᰴ;¥ϰΪˣͲʲôֻ֮󣬶Ů֮¶ȻˣϷĻܲܵȻ֮ͲŮͿͿĨĨŮ˭һ˳ԼأҲֻŲܷԼȤ
Ҫô˵Сǰ״ĪϧЦſš
һ⻰ʱĻһɶֲʾôֻܲĵĪϧ
ЩŮȫȵؿĪϧţôһӣΪôŮˣǣǺӢ
λӣ𣿡һԵһŮСʡ
ĪϧʶԼװһ룬Լôſ϶鷳ģΧȺŮ˳Եı֪ˡ
ĪϧһתЦ˵ҸղŲǳ㣬ξ٭ZᰲãԭҺˡҪɣΪ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ΪһŮװˣȻǰúҫһôҿǴֻްŪŶ
Īϧô˵ʱеĶˡ
Ůװ
λӣŮӣ
ɣ
ĸλһ֪Ǻˡ
λܴȥһױȽصȹȷʵŮӣЩֻ̣ĪϧһܳŮˣĪϧʵǺˣԼʹе㶪ǴӦĪϧ
鷳λˣĪϧһŮӵİл
ڳʵ̲סЦˡ
úãɣһȥȽϴŮӰĪϧԼķ任·ȥˣŮҲȥˡǸùüëŮӰױá
ڻװĪϧһֱЩŮĵúܿģЩŮǸĪϧ˵˺ЩŵȤ£ľǵϷŵˣȻĪϧҲٲһЩξ٭Zᰵ飬ֻ֪ξ٭ZֻϵĪϧ˸ۡ
ҸĪϧĵöܿģƺϲ׷װԼóĪϧŰĪϧױʱ򣬻ʳʶ̣Īϧദʱû˿ʸУŶѣͨŮӶ¥һĵط֮Աǵģ˭ĪϧˮģοĪϧһ׼룬Īϧ񲻹ĶһˮӣһȺСҲãҲãҲãԼǸŰϵҲһſĪϧ̲ס̾һ룺Ů˸ξ٭Z᰻䡣
Īϧȫװ֮ĪϧЩ¥ŮӶԽˡ
óû濡Σѹֻװôأ
ǣҲأ
λĪȡЦСˣҽ˸Цأ
һʵǺ
Īϧһ˵λ㣬Сøˣ»л氡´λװǺǣ
ȥǿ˵ˡ
ĪϧЦŸҸ֮󣬾͸ȥˡ
㵹ô͸ؼһġ̲סǱԹ䡣
ĪϧϵЦһ˲佩ϣ˵Ǻǣֻ֪¥Ůӳɫ࣬޸¥ŮȴЩСʵǺܿɰ𣿡
ЩȵؿĪϧ˵ʵŶЩŮҲǺϲģɾĪϧ˵
ߵſʱһԻŮӭ󻹸ѾߡĪϧ֮ʶŮҲĪϧǰͣĪϧ
Īϧ˼һᣬƺʶǵͷЦһ£
ĪϧʶСʡ
ʶͦġĪϧСش
ǸŮӿĪϧ߿ıӰһᣬѿں䣡
ĪϧһͣͷǸŮӣҲһ䣺ݼݼ
˾ôţδڡ
ʶ̲סʡ
Īϧع˵һҪٴᣬȥæİɣȻǸΪݼݼŮӡ
ǸŮҲ˵ȥҵķ˵ɣ
Īϧ͸ǸݼݼŮˡ
һᣬȥξ٭ZһıȽϺãͼææظϵϵķξ٭Z˯ϵ١
ZᰣZᰣĪϧ¹ȥˣ
ţܲܲҪÿζôСֵģξ٭Zѵõ˯ⱻһȫûˣѻ˵
ĪϧĹĵ÷ǳģҰŮװĪϧ˵Ҫߣȥſڵʱ¹壬ǺʶĪϧǲʶĪϧ˵ǣ¹庰Īϧʲô䡯ĪϧҲݼݼȻĪϧ뿪Ȼ˾ͽˣȻҾú־ˡһûͷûԵ˵Щ
˵Īϧʶˣξ٭Zһ˲ץסҪ㡣
ţ
ϵ֮˵¹ķڸڡ
˵͵źȤ
˵ȥˣֻ˵¹ķ䣬ҵĸڶѡϵЦĺа
ţԼȥɣǰʶɶѡξ٭ZᰱʾûȤʵξ٭Z᰻Ǻܺģֲȥ͵֪ĪϧԸԼڰеһᷭġ
ԸеʧûʲôˣҲϵٺˡ˵žһ˯Σ
Ұϵ˵¿ʼңξ٭ZҲ±۾
ʮûе꣬Ѿڸܹˡ
ǺǣܰϵģҲֻһˡξ٭ZǱ۾ġ
¹ķ¹˶ȥˡڴϵ֮ģǻȻ֮µľ¹ˡ¹òƷһУǼƷܹڴڶŮ֮ӱλڶӭ֮ͨ쳣ֵ֮ϵڴղˣ¹ǿĻˡ
Īϧ¹ķ䣬ص֬еǺˡ
ݼݼôĪϧһ¾ʣӲǴ𣿡
ǺǣҴ˵ˡУҪٽݼݼˣڽ¹壬Ĺ
㡭𣿡Īϧʵĺԥ
ǺǺǣʲôòõģѲˣ찲źõ·¡¹忴ȥǺѣ㣬ôطĪҲ
ûУҼ˵˵ġĪϧԵеš
ˣ¹ɫе쳣ղſһ飬㣬ѵ޸ˣû˵ųװ
ǣǼ޸ξ٭Zˡ
㣬Ǻǣϲ㰡ѵȵɣ˵ţ¹վͰĪϧһ裬ָ⻮ˮ
ĪϧӹǱ裬˲豭죬ȣֻ˵ȥҿ԰㣡
ȥܸʲôˣͲˡȲɣµ˾Ͳúˡ
Īϧû̧ͷҲûкȲ裬˵ˣݼݼڽ¹ǲǣҲµˣĪϧ
ĪϧţְֺãҲˣȲҡ¹ɫһӱð
ֻˣ˵ǻû䣬һô嶯ֻϧѲǵˡĪϧź̾˿豭ͣ۾ȴĶ¹
ĪϧĶ¹ɫԽԽĪϧѾ׼֮ʱĪϧȻַˡ̾˿˵ǺοأͺɢζΪҾŲָźͺɢɣ
˵ʲô䣬ΪʲôҪô˵¹Եûʧ롣
˵ˣѾˣΪһһ˺ҵһ˺ҵĻ¹Īϧ赹ڵϣ΢Цſ¹塣
¹ԣ˫ۿĪϧȻЦİ֪ô㣬ԶӮҡǷˣ㶼û£ڻˣү֪Ů飿
һҪô˺ĺôأ˵ѰҰοˡĪϧվߡ
¹Ȼסȥ·ݺݵ˵ΪʲôΪʲôõõ㣬Ϊʲôҵңڰٻ¥ôȥ˻ΪʲôõǸΪʲôǳû㣡
ĪϧۿǰŮˣʵǲ֪˵ʲôźá
Ȼ¹ӻͳһֻ߾֡Ҫǲһò㻹ܼôҸȥ
žĪϧһư¹ȵ˵ϣ˵˵ҪΪһһ˺ҵ˵ڶ˺ҵĻᡣ
Īϧջߣٿ˵˵ʵҲ㣬ȫ⣬һУԭˣŲµʼ㡣ǣԭ¹ԭ£ֻҵԭ²õıҵѡ
ΪʲôеĲҶᣬҵϣΪʲôʱҷѾĻֺ裬ѡˣҪҵӣ˵ҪԶ߸߷ɣþһа취ߣȴҰӸ֮Ҽξүôʼǿһۣȴǲƽ¹Թ޵ؿĪϧ
ϱûʲôƽֿԣֻҵҲδػߵһĪϧߵſڣ׼򿪷ţͷ˵һ䣬סĲ޹أûκαҪȥеĲҡ˵ţ뿪
ڷ䡣
үȢһ˲أ
ţ˲𡣡ξ٭Zᰱ۾˵
ξ٭Zᰣû͵˵İɣֻڿԶü˵ôѡ



ʮһ ˲2
Īϧ֮߳ԭޱȻͳ¹ſվһᣬ¹壬ݼݼ˺ѷεĿĪϧͷһһϣȴûз
Сӣûдڣˡ
ĪϧûվãһᣬղʶһкޱĽ˹Īϧ﷢е㲻ô
ţҺ·ˣĪϧ̧ûһ˿ˣֻһ·һɰŮ
·ⴺҲûд󵽻·ĵزɣŶ֪ˣϵķɣҪүվطˣϵķڸڡޱ˵žָһ¸ڵķ䣬Ȼһ¹ķ䣬˵䷿˲֪ڸʲôȻޣ˳Ϊүע⣬ߣ
ڣĪϧ˲õĸо
ˣпˣˣʶãҼҵĻֵطȽϺáޱ˵ž뿪ˡ
Īϧ鸴ӵؿڵķ䣬ҪҪȥξ٭ZᰴкǱξ٭Z˸ղŵ̸Լʹͷˣȥѻ˵ȽϺáξ٭Zûȥǲһ뵽ξ٭Z˸ղŵ̸Īϧ飬û취ȥκζԲߡĪϧڵһε˹ȵס
ôĴ䣬˭²һ̻ᷢһЩʲô顣Īϧڶ̶̼ʱ֮ڣԸһߡ
Ҫ֪ˣҵûش˵ѻǰʵأ˵ʲôŻţ˵Ѹûκãξ٭Zô϶ݵġ߸ɴʲô˵ߡĪϧ߰ģͼ˼ȴһ뷨ðǣ֪񣬻᲻ᣬأĪϧĵһ󴥶
ʱξ٭ZҲһңܺһʱ͵ǵ̸ں֪׷ʲô飬ǣӦӦأĪϧ᲻˵أֻ߻᲻أ
үҪ֪Ļ鲻ͺˣϵߵٱ˵
Ǻǡξ٭ZЦЦ˵ûпǹֻǹȻǲ롣Ȼ;ϵе㷳ˣһ˯ţԳȥһ
ξ٭ZᰴžͿǻĪϧΪûʹһֱͲ֪Īϧ档
Īϧξ٭Z᰺ȻôԼǰ͸оԼһ£ŵؿξ٭ZᰵͼһЩ˿
ôξ٭Zᰲ˼仰ѿڶ
ţҪߡأĪϧָƽ΢Ц˵
ҸպҲҪߣҸպûʲô飬һ߰ɡ
ţð
˾ôһ˴
ϵķڣ˯죬ϵڰĸ٣˵ţξ٭ZȻʼղһûгԹСˡ
ξ٭Z᰺Īϧ͸µֵĴϣ˶Ĭı״̬൱ء
֪ͲҪӦһˣҪҪҵʲô˵˵أˣĪϧ൱İԹʲôӰһҪȥģûʲôʱй䰡֪ǵĵôˣ֪Ǹҵ˻᲻ʲôҶæˣһﻹҡȻϰǺܺõģǮһǻȽϺðɣ˵ûˣ˵ЩǮʵڲһС֣ʡʡɣԺ󻹸ͺˡҪ֪ҵʵҲҵİɣˣˣҲûϲҪѰܹȥɣΪӦ˵ʲôѵģֲĵģƭҲûʲô˺˵˺ҴǶһָͷİɣ˵˱ңܸоǼһҪǷ˽ҡ֪ͲͷĻ޸ˣͷ㣡ȰΧЩ˾Ͳú·𣿸ǵ￴أξ٭ZᰲǺÿôһҪǻװأʲôڲ˼ʱɣ
ϧξ٭Z᰺Ȼ
Ȼе֣ĪϧһӴԼ˼ﱻ˳ֹͣЩĺ˼룬ˣҪжϳξ٭ZǷҺݼݼĻ
ʲô𣿡ξ٭ZţȴһһֱڷʲôôأȻǸղźǸ¹˵ûйذɣôǿǰ˺ǲôͻİɣ׷ʲôأĺʿܲأǲܹ˵أȹ۲һķӦɣ
ûаֻ룬ȣˣʲô𣿡Īϧ̧ξ٭Zᰡ
ûʲôͲԺһô˵Ҳϵķ
㲻˵ҪֱȥģΪʲôͻȻܳɹ̫
ûʲô㣬㲻˵ֱӻȥΪʲôỻŮװһֱڣ
Ǻǣ㲻˵ҪŵǸֻѡˣ˵ϵټ춼Ҫȥһˣһ˰Ҹɣ
ţǺܺģ㲻Ҳúܺѡʱ򡣴ѧģ
Ŷʦ̵İˣܺǰɣʲô̶Ȱ
ֲʲôֻͨ˵ˣҪĻͲһˡ
ŶȻһ涫ǺǺǣ
ţǵģǺǺǣ
˾ô̽ţûκջһ˽֣һβ˵ˡ
ˣǲҪȥԼĵȥģĵﰡʲô֡ξ٭Zȴƽ֡
ŶһŶ꣬ĵꡣ
ŶǲǸղǾǼҵꣿ
ţǵģ
һ綼Сĵع۲ŶԷı飬Сദš
ֻξ٭Z᰷֣Īϧõ˱ʱ̾ͻ侲ޱȣ˵ײϺˣеʱȫԼĪϧξ٭Z᰾ãжôңһ˲䰲
ĳҲ¥᷿棬ˮֻһɻ֣ˮǾԲԼġ
˵ΪʲôһҪȲ費ɣҪȥػүġ֪Ӻδľ
ˮеĳŲ㣬˵үµģ˵ûֹҰ߾ǱʾûⰡңľһǣүү㷳ġ
ľֳĬ
ˣҪҪԹ˵ݽ̽үôŮദүⷽܲеġٺ٣ҪҾµ㶾췹ˣ
ľĬ
ʱ򣬼ʹǲԸ⣬ĪϧҲԹԵүģȿȡǺˡ
ľɳĬС
ι㵹˵仰ˣүĸʲô⣬ҪɴĪϧүһӢ۾ˣ
ľ˵ˡĪϧô򵥱ƽģⷽ棬үԵĻһ㡣
˵ˣ˵ʲôү˰ɣǸСһ㵥ˣҵǾĪϧһ㡣ιôֲ˵ˣ
ľָ˳Ĭ
ľͷ˵ģǣ
ʱˣξ٭Z᰾ʹĪϧһȥˡſڵʱ򣬾Ϳվţžһšűξ٭Zһ˶¥֮˯˺þãϵʱ˾Ͱѣžһ˻ˣޣ˵ҪȽȥĳЩĿľһˡ
ȥˣôξ٭Z᰺ʡ
Īϧش˵ʱȥ㣬ûдĪϧһȥȻ͸˵ʱȺˡ
޿Īϧξ٭Zһ룺ϵ񲻴Ҳһˡ
үС㣡Īϧߵ޸ǰʱϸĿһĪϧţüͷʣС㣬·ǣ
Īϧû˵ž׵ôɣʺСİɡ
ƺʲôϸһﻹǺܾȣװȷǺʺĪϧģ̧ۿţЦ˵ŶĽţĺʺأ
û뵽޻ô̹Ȼؿ佱Լһͺˣղõĸ޳̨ܵȫûˣеŵ˵ţţûʲôš
ĪϧһۣҲЦˣ˵ȥ鲻ǲʲôˣ
޵Ⱦһ˿ϼϽ⣬˵УС㣬ȥɣ˾õȾͲˡ
ǺǣŶĪϧؿޣˣΪˣ߰ɡ
ˣţڶڼҵİɣξ٭Z
Ȼξ٭Z᰾ǣĪϧ֣˵߰ɣ



ʮһ ˲3
ĪϧֱӦֳûг鶯͹ұξ٭Z˽ȥȥ֮ߵҸֶˣˡ
ʦ

ҸһĪϧˣ̾Ц˵ˡŶȥи͵ڲŻԽԽˡ
ҲվһģһȫҸƣ֮£Ҫ񣬻ŻǱȽĸ˾Ҹҵϴ϶һ˫̥Ƕʮˣξͬ꣬ξ٭Z᰻Ҫꡣ
һЦ˵ZᰣˡǸơ
һ˵λ˰ɣǺһءǵܵ
ξ٭Z᰻ͬЦݣ˳Īϧǰһ£ĪϧͰ뿿ξ٭ZᰵĻϷȫףĪϧڳһҲʧǵӣһ䣺λ˵ǰɣȻһ˲ءĪϧλӡ
ǺǣϧҸһ£ҵĴӣƣأҶմְҸЦеؿ
ڻˣ»ʱǶûܸϻĺźأôҵķ˱ǵĽ޲ɣξ٭Z᰿ȥƺܺá
ZǺøˣССںԺ죬ҪҪȥ￴أŮ˼һǺŮ˼һȽĵɣ˵
ҲãϧȥɣŵʱڸǺúýһ¡ξ٭ZİĪϧƿһ㣬Īϧ۾˵
ţǲϧˣĪϧǷ˸߿ˡ
ճһֱƽ״̬Բ԰׵һǵͨ졣Īϧ߱Թ񰡣ͻȻôסιһᱩˡ
С㣡޺ȻĪϧʣ͹ү׷չʲôزˣ
ĪϧͻȻùֵֹޣ˷£̾һ˵ʲôزͺͻȻһѲƱǰǺ壬ֺûУȥǮĻµȥȥõĻ־úû壬᲻á
ޱĪϧĻŪһͷˮ
ǺôһѲƱĪϧ̧ͷãؿԶˮˡȻĪϧͿ˵ƱöˣϵĵӾˣһСľͻᱻҪĻͲðգȥЩƱ˵Բԣ

ĪϧһΰתȥŸԶĵط˵ǹȻǺջ˵ײһ⣬˵ǺܼӲֻҪΧһůϾͻⶳٶȿɱȽᶳˡ

Īϧջߣ˵֮ȲҪǶѲƱˣڻҪ顣ޣﰡɵһģȥЩС㣬ֵŪʲôʫģʱ򻹵ÿһء
ŶĪϧĺ棬ĪϧıӰøԻˣƱ⣿ᶳ
Īϧߵ԰ΪһȺŮ̸ʫ۸ȴһȺŮ赶ŪһһŮȹŮŸԴ
ϧˣСС壬Ҹո˵ĭZᰵϧϧλɩɩһĪϧкͣ
ţ̣λλķ˰ɣԭҲλŮҲ˫̥ģĪϧԾĿǶԽã˶ŨüۣԲԲĶ쵰Ӳߣ൱ãЦ۾ȫˣȥʮֵĿɰ
ãҽСǽ㣬޸ơŮ˵š
ҽС壬ã޸Ů˵
ǺǣǺãҽĪϧ޸ˣξ٭ZᰡĪϧѧŻĿ˵š
ѽӶˣŶˣޣرˣδϱǺǺǣ
δϱʣС˰ɣô˵λСӵδˣСվ޸ǰ
𡭱Цˣ̣˵ʲôĹĵؽλ˺ãֻСѾߡ
ţʱҵѾߣδͲ֪ˡĪϧվӪ
ŶˣǺǣСӻҪŬǰɣСҲվһߡ
λˣҪһСѾ߿ЦвУްڳһĵı顣Цһ˸ĸŮ˳ܣ
˵ҼѾʵһҪС㣬С׷Ҫһ°ĪϧޣŮ
ģҪҪСһѣСڳһͬס
СϧѾߵİɣȽ˽˵СӦô죿С忴Īϧ
ҲŶҼǸСӾ͸ҸΣӣܺ档˵
ιιιιȫˡǺǣ棬ôͻˣ˵Сأ˵һ˲һŰǺǣǺǡ
ڡ
磡磡磡һڴ硣
ôˣܷ纮𣿡еʡ
ûСӡǣĪһЩĸоˡ
᲻Ǽҹ㰡ϾۼСӳôɰξ٭ZЦ˵
ǰСҲóˣôûˣҪ𣿡Ц˵
ò֣Ÿİͷ̧ߡ
Ҳ˵Ȼ˵İɣ
ţǸùȻǸѾߣʵҪŶԸĻҲᷴԵġһ˶ˣҸúܺãҲһЦ
ѾߣʲôѾߣļҵģʲô֣æʡ
Ǹղżҷ˵ѾߣޡǸܿɰŮŶҳ軵ˣҼһҶѾߣԻ׵ģСǰèƵءξ٭ZʶŵغܺĵΪλӽ
ιҲ˵Ǿ͵Һ۸ǰɣξ٭Z˵Ҿ㣡һֻŴӵվȻһֻŲڵϣξ٭Z᰻ӻȭͷ
ߣţעǣҸ˫̥˺
Ŷ˵˶ٴβҪô嶯λֳŵġξ٭Zĳض˵ȻеĴպܱһ˿
ɶ񣡡ҧͣȻܲģǻǹԹԵذѽջáһȺ˽ɲ
ˣҪٶˡξ٭ZѵΪŽһΧƣδӱ߽ǻؾְֻ̽ף
׼ؾְˣλϴپ׼̫ˣûĻӦþƽξ˰ɡ˵
ǾΪ˸ƽүűȥ߽ģȻƽˣȻҲҪˡƲ䵽
Ҹɫеأһֱڹ۲ξ٭ZᰵķӦԴξ٭Zᰳ;ʱ˾ԼһҸҲξ٭ZΪԼĶӡξ٭Z˵ҵӲԼֵܡȻϾξ٭ZǻʼҵˣԹλ֮Ѫɺӵģξ٭Z⣬ʹǾԲλֻҪ΢¶һϣ֮飬ͻɱ֮˼ʹξ٭ZһЩ£ҲǽύһЩ߰ˣҸҲƽϡ
Ҹ֪ȻǺܸоξ٭ZԽԽǿĻλĻ£½Ĳһˣξ٭ZᰶԻλûκǻλԹλĿûС٣ϣʲôûС
ˣZᰣĲ㵽̫Ժæ𣿰ѧ˵ȫԵθһְٰİҸȰ˵
Ҹξ٭ZʵҲԼе˷ɢԼİˣ˳̫ԺˣƾҰҲᱻĥɡǺǣʦӦȥ̫Ժ˵ʵ̫ʹˣҶЩʷʵûȤԻҰɣ
Zǲܻȥģô棬Ҫһ飬ȥɡòҵξ٭ZᰵĻᣬżæ˵ˡ
ţ̫ԺЩ˵ʵûʲôɶˣӦúúѧϰһˡξ٭ZЦеػؾ
ˣô꣬Сѧˣʡ
ǰôȥɲУ˵ͦȫһԺ׼ʲô˵̲˺ġ
ŶҪЭZһҾٲˡ˵Zô滹ĴҸеԹؿš
ƲƲ죬˵ˡˣҲϵˣҲûõġ˵ǶҲĵȷȷԼ㣬ʲô˵ء
ξ٭Z᰿һίӣ֮˿ûУеֻĸо棬Ȼȴеϧξ٭Z᰿ţһϵЦţ˵ϲˣ
ԣ˶ЦˣߵͨţһʱסˣܿƲȥţ˭˭ϲˣ
ţܿɰξ٭ZᰱŵԱߣһʱ̲סŵͷ
ιʲôҲСܾƵŭĿӣֻԭĲӶѾ͸ˡ
ļ˶ЦĸˡҸԼôɰĶӡ
ŭա
ɶ񣡹ȻϲɫģʱĪϧ۾ͿˣܺܺõάϵЦݡҪҪξ٭Z᰽ϵˡ
ƽȻ˧СѾ糺ˡ
ĸСӹϵܺأСҲһɫ
ԭλӵķ˶ڱְ߽ʱʶڱ߽һλؽͥҽôСĶǽ׳ҴֲڵˣżȻ˵ְ߽λӣλӵòһʤԼеˣһӱϲˣλӶԽõĺˬֺŮԸһʱദ֮󣬱˫˫
ССҲǵһθŷǣԼҷᵽǸƯ˵ξ٭Z᰺ԼĿɰеСţһֱͺμǡյʱѾţ֪Է飬Ƕξ٭ZᰵòӺˡղڻ԰кĪϧʱᵽξ٭Zᰣĺ汦ܶĪϧȥ͵СľͿξ٭ZᰵϷŵһĻҸӶǼֲֵˣĪϧͺܲǸζˡ
ţҼ๫ƯɣȻﲻǸζϻҪõġ
ţͿ˵ͷ۾һֱξ٭ZᰣȫûаĪϧŵ
վڲԶſڴϵŮˣҸ֮ɫ;ͿֵȥˡҼҵϱɰϲˣϱʱҲ
Ȼ߬סߵ޵֣ĵ˵ʲôʱ޹ȫˣ
ԺԺ˵ɣΪάЦݣ޵Ѿ鴤ˣﰵⶼЩʲôŮ˰



ʮһ ˲4
ܿ쵽ŵʱ򣬽Ĳɫ൱ʢǸԼŮãʣһˣȻλ˲ɷ˵ذѴά͹ϵ˹ŵλҲŵʮֺ棬Ҳһ԰ǻ޿κεŵߡȻҲǺһԷǽŲ֪ģܺرšҸ޶ֺǺǵؿһˣͺ񿴵˶õ龰ˡ
ϯͣĪϧվƺơ
ǳμ棬ϧﾴƣһĪϧƱһһƺǰͣһ¡
ƺסƬ̡ʣϧֵܷ
Īϧ¾Ʊش𣺡ţܾþģԾôˣҽд𣿡
ĪϧĻش֮󣬻࿴˼ۣ֮Цˣξ٭ZǳԾȻҲЦˡ
ʲô𣿡ĪϧЦĪ
ûʲô⣬ϧȻʺϭZᰵŮӰֿĪϧЦˡ
ţûûҲЦĺ⡣ĪϧЦëȻŵЦˣǷʲô顣
ҸĪϧ󣬺ĵĽ⣬˵Ļش𰡣ZСʱһģһ
Цˣ͵ҲˣҺƳļһģһ˼⣬˸޷壬˵ǳμˡZСʱ棬һҲǵһξͷֵܶˡǵʱΪʲôZᰵĻشһģһһֲ
ôɰĪϧڲòпߵˣξ٭Zһۣξ٭ZԼЦЦĸůĪϧһתߡΪԼΣĪϧæʣôأ
ζ˵
ţζСС˵
Ǻǣȷζ˵
ĪϧĪؿˡ
ξ٭Z᰿ĪϧŲЦ˵ġ
û취Сʵǳ̫ˣͲôֵҪԼĶӶûа취岻ǺܶˣҰ˸취С͸ֵݻԡֻһζݣʱˣϾ˻ζˣأ㣬Ǿޱ㡣ôҺܴɣ˵
һ֪ʵĪϧһ鴤̣Ȼ
ЩɰǺˣÿȥ˶һֻҺһ㣬ŪôҶΪͿָָۣ˺һӣʵƳü˵
ǾǣﵱҲ̫ˡʾͬ
Сӣ˭ǳôװе̫ˣҲ
ˣҸưԼӣг˳硣
һٷԵܰޱȣŽŵޱϣǺεصͷԷȥЩˡơǽŵؿԼӣʡȥɧξ٭ZᰡҸǾ֮֡ξ٭ZƺܺãһֱЦĪϧĳƽʱٴαЦݲͬĪϧҲ֪رˡһֱĵıҲظоˡ
һٷ꣬ĪϧĻصҸṩԷĪϧǰ׼е˶֧ҲͲװˣһƫƧһ䣬Ǵж֪ȫװȥԺú÷һˣΨһвǣߵĲξ٭Z᰾ͺˡ
ðÿһôĿɰĪϧеſϣ֪Ϊʲôϲ˼ˣȻɰĻŰ㿴һǸŵӣֻҪ޵һ̾ͱøһˣ
ξ٭ZؿĪϧ˵
Īϧûпξ٭Zڵı飬ֻܼ˵ԻĲһĺأҲ˵ɫֻǣΪʲôôãʲôԭ𣿡
ξ٭Zϵˡ
㲻˵ˣʵҲر֪ģǡ
Դˣξ٭Z᰺Ȼôһ䡣
Īϧ̧ͷξ٭Zᰴϣ˵ʲôأҸԴףֻѲܻ֮еģֻǡ
ҲûйϵŶĪϧѻ˵꣬ξ٭Z᰾˵ˣԵģǲӦøһЩʲôأˣӦúһİɣ
ˣȫ֪Īϧ붼û;ܾˣҪʲôҲǾԲ򵥣ҶܾûʲôȤԻʡʡɣ
ǽһôξ٭ZվߵĪϧı˵»֮ҹģʮȻһ㣬Ը⸶ξ٭ZᰵĻﺮˡ
ʲʲôĪϧ󾪣ˣȾܣǲ֪Ϊʲôˣ·һֻεְסˣĪϧظоվڱξ٭ZᰵϢξ٭ZÿһΣ͸оԼֹͣһΡһηξ٭Z᰾Ȼôµһһ
ҵӣû뵽Ҫ㻹øǮô󣬲Ȼ㿪ˣҲ뿳ۣô
Īϧɫ԰ףϿʼð亹һͻȻ֮ʲôʲôĿΪʲôһô֣һһȫ㲻ʲôھȻǮңûҲ̫˰ɣῴҵⰡĪϧʲô죬Ϊϣǿһ˿ЦʹԼѻ¶ǿſ죬˵á
Цģξ٭Z᰺Ȼ˵ղѹĪϧϵѹȸʧˡ
Īϧȴʲô˵忪ʼ
ôŵˣξ٭Z᰿Īϧе㲻ԾַŵĪϧļͷͼĪϧĲ
Īϧо˼ϵֻ֣͵˦ֻվתξ٭Zᰣд˷ŭ
ܺҸеҺܺ㲻Ҫ̫ΪвУһһҺܺ𣿣ҺþͺãҺþݽ棬֤ʲô֤Լ˲𣿶԰ҺûãֻҪָܽұ뾡ȫһܰƽ˲ǰɣ˱ңҵһһˣҰѲǰɣ˵ʲôѣֻһʱѪѣΪȱѾ͵ѣҲͺƭЩһʲô˶ûУһˣҸطҶ𣿣㣬ҲŲᱻƭĪϧξ٭Zᰴţ۾һЩĶҪӣȴĪϧؿš
ξ٭Zû˵ֻǵЦţؿ˵ĴһĪϧ
Ҫô˵İɣҶģĪϧ۾·þȫ˳
һ
Īϧһֱ۾˺źûпξ٭Zᰴ˿ϵˡξ٭ZᰵĵиڽкţҲᶪģҴûƭ㣡ʵĶõģҲǹô㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôôʧ롣һֱȵˣ㣬뱻ץסͲҪҵǰȥ
̫ˣʶôã˵õһĻɣԭʵӰͷһμͦġξ٭Z᰺ȻЦ˵ϻһº͡
Īϧۣξ٭ZᰵЩмܲסˣ֪˵Щʲô
ʵһۼ㣬Ҿ֪һŮˡǿǿеᣬɢźһζµζ۾ܿ͸ܶ飬ֲ˵һֱͷŵҵ㿴ҲûпҶһ֣һỹҶ㲻ֵɣҵ鲻Ųʣ㲻᲻֪һΣյ˰ɣǶԱ˻Ǳ˶ңȻװĺ֪飬һҺġǸ㻹ӡɣԣӦ֪ĲŶԣҼΣÿһҶй¶ЩˣǲܲķŮˣ㻹Ǳֵ޷죬Ūøʲô֪һ㵹ųųĹ׵ġ֪ҵˣԭһ˰ǣûдȷʵһˡ

˵ûǺܺ棬Ϊкܶܣ̲סȥһ̽һ˵ˣЩѲһõģ㣬ȴʣ޼ԣǳһԵĽǶѵģ⣬ΨһһҺĽЩ֪ҲһкܶѣҲֻԼѣƫƫְ벻ԳΪѵһ˵ˣû˵ɣĺϲѣԣúңֱȥˣҲ㣬ҲʹʲôĻҲõǵķ޹ϵԸĻʱУԸ⼴ʹҲһָͷ㻹ǲģҾдһ͸ˣԸĻʱԸϵǣģô𣿡ξ٭ZĺȻĪϧػشһЩʲô
Īϧû˵
ξ٭Z᰺Ȼſ٣һȽɵر飬˵ôɶ˰ɣﻰ˳˲١ʵ˵һ˵µһļһ㣬ʮǰȫûһ͸ƾðһΪʲô
ĪϧѾٲȻַزһЦĪϧЦʱַŵ۾ϣЦˣȻǺԣ۽ʪĺۼ
ξ٭ZҲЦˣǺǣʲô𣿡
ʮǰ鰡𿴳ͷǸӣǻе㱾µģʹǵµһļһԸ⣬Ūһ㶫Īϧ˵ϣһαξ٭Zᰣ˳ϵĲ豭һ裬
ξ٭ZҲıһȥȤʣ˵Īԣ
˭ҾôõңҲȫŪһˡĪϧһ衣
ô
˵˸̬ŶԣˣڲĪϧ߬еĲ豭ָڲ豭Ħš
ţˣҲˣ˯˰ɣξ٭Z˵ţˣ˯
˯ɣ˯Ǳߵ˯ϡĪϧûлͷ˵
ðɣ˯ϲй⡣˵ȫˡһƬڰ
ǹ֣һû˯ģĪϧ˵ţеĲ豭߬ţƺҪˡ
һˮĪϧϻ䵽档
СӣҸô죬ңҸô졭
ܿ͵ʱѾþû˵ˡ
ϧ˯𣿡ξ٭Z᰺Ȼ˵
ûҲ˯ţĪϧش
ţһЩ顣
ãҲһЩ顣
ǲͬһ飿
ҲҺݼݼ¹ɣ
Ǻǣܸ𣿡
ţҲþûиˡ͵һˮͰҵһ¿ˮɣ
ˮͰܲܣ
ϻҪҪҾͲ˵˰
˵ɣ
֪ģʮǰĳʱڵ顣ڱͷҵǰʱһС¥棬м꼶µСŮһݼݼÿ챻ѧŸּգ黭ݼݼǸʱ泤ÿҲѧõһѧһ˵ȫУûа츳ǲ֪ΪʲôϲȴңĽãʱ˵һˡܾǴʱݼݼͿʼ˰ɣһ֮Һݼݼʶһǿ͵͵ңҲôϲһݼݼϲһүҪͯˣҺݼݼǸʱңͰһѣȴݼݼƽ˻ӡǸүǰһݼݼ˵ҪߣȻȰҸһߣҴӦˣ
ξ٭Zᰰ׼飬Īϧʱȴ˵ûξ٭ZΪ˯ˣʣĪϧּ˵
źұץ˻ȥһŭ֮ҪȥǸүҺ¥˴ҳû˳ӹһ١û뵽ݼݼȻ䵽ĵزŪ˰ǺǣҲѹҡ˵ˣô֪¥ģ᲻ῴҰ
ξ٭Z᰿ڣ˵黭⣬ѡʱҼܺð
ǺǣǸܣлл㣬Zᰣ
ιⲻܰɣ
ô㣬ˣҵĹ˵ˣŵĹϵһǾ֮ܲԾҵĹ£Ҳһ£ܲƽġ
Ȼ˰ðɣҸСʱڻʹʶģʱûʲôѣɵϾ͹ҵѣ֮ͳΨһһѡ


û˰ɣ
ţ
ƭӣ
ˣҪô˵Ϊ˲㣬ҸҴСͶŵˡ㰡ҵһμŵʱ
˾ôţֱ˯ȥˡ
ҹ˾ĪϧȻоϵһ˿⣬һһĶ۾ϣƾиоһűĽڱԼ׵˫ۡ
鰡Īϧñ˯ȥˡ
ڶ죬˼ξ٭Z᰺Īϧ֮󣬶ٶо֮΢ı仯Ͷˡ
һ˳緹ʱҸЦǺǵξ٭ZᰣZᰰǻϵٳˣ׼˰ɣ
ţǵģξ٭Z΢ЦŻش
ǺǣÿʵһҸҲԵúܿġ
ĪϧʼоͷˡǸʣʲôϵٳ
ѯʵؿĪϧ˵ϧ֪𣿭Zûϧ˵
ҺˣԲϧξ٭Z˿ûлĿĪϧ
ĪϧǿŰе붪ξ٭Zϵĳ嶯һ˿΢Ц˵ŶǺǣǺǡ
Ǻǣʵ۵ٳξ٭Z׳գĳп



 ˮ֮1
´Σ´һᶾģˮĵװģûʲôžˡ
ˮôĪϧͰˣллˡξ٭ZسˮЦЦЦݶܵγˮˡ
ˮҲͬᣬͬ΢ЦһЦǰЦݣ·ܶɶһа
һת֮䣬ѾͷˮʵѾһӵСƹȾˡ
Ǹˮô˵Ҳһ˵ҰݣֲϻװȾƣ᲻е㲻ã۾ҿλˣ˵ԼļٵƤˮǾԲŪһųª׷Լ绪ϵġ
ڳҲֻһŮӣһλƷˡˣǾôһ߻ӵľƹûһ˸Ϸλˣ˵ϷˣȫԶԶأŪˮΧһƬյأĿ˶ûУ͵͵ϼۣԽͷ֮ԭȻһʵʵȾƶηηԭˣҪλ˿ȥʮֲǰ
ˮһֻżǱߵĳϣԼһС̳һţ⣬һھƣһ⣬ʱöݺݵ۾Щ͵ԼļһŪڳȫʹļףпϲԵı
˵ʲôŲŹҳѾģˮһԼľо
ٲҪѽŲҵϰΪʲôÿζֻҳȾƣ⻰Уɲ˵һǱΧЩĴĿ⿴ģΧЩǿĽͬ飬ǱġҲϰˣǱģŵģûõ˶ѣĳҲȫ󣬰װ׾ģͦôһü˳۵ı飬ȥģηηģһŮˣһ׼ҼĿˣϧǸеģСǺǰ;ġĺķԵλŮһСĵ׼ʲôأҹģЦϸҹ߿ϸҹҲаٲȻȫ鴤ҹģ¶ֶǷʤ˵ԼھѾжءΪʲôÿүŪĶԼ
ˣΪʲôүһʵʲôİѱүҲ޼ҿɹ˰ˮǾùȾûʲô˼Ψһļһ˵
Щġʲôϸֳһ˿Ҹ΢Ц
Уһξ٭ZǸƤǸƭ˵ĵСӰƤȷʵܺÿˣǣһΣһΣһʲôãܵζˮһЦΧĿյ١
ﰧ̾ţʣôˮأȥˮӲǻүԸ˰ǲʲôأɲ˵ղŻһɪɪСôҵĿĴǣ۾ڷŹء
ˮĴһãеȶˣ˵ëַǲǣһôţרϲ˵˽Ͷ̧ˣ㲻Щʵ̫˷ˡ
Ҫô˵Һòãү˵׼ԵǵĹҲһֱûֵġȥǸô˰ĵľš
ǣүǼһﻹ֪ЩˮЦЦֺһھƣ¾̳˵ҵĹȥǺǣȹˣԺлŴȥɣˣŰȾƣұȥľ׵ҮҺ˾Ͱ㱳һȥˣ
ˮ˵žǿйƵˣŪҲǱģ֪ãˮ¶һھƲҲûãֻʵȾˡ
ãþȭ㲻Ҷ㰡ţŹԣðŶˣȡ
ˮԴͷģҲ֪ȥηˮһСľͱ̫ɹҲ˵ǣҵЩʣôŬʼûܶ⡭
*****
ССˣ˵ǽϵһϹһܴĸףʮжҲһ˲ţϹҶӣԴǰȥԺԼ⣬ѾԼҵĲҵˣһ൱ɹˡ
ˣˣϹҵĶС㣬Ϲ꣬һŹֵӣϲ¶ܳŮ췽ûʲô飬ȴ൱жӡǺźӽͲǶСˡ
ˣѾѡ辭ȫͨ˳ˣ´γŴһȥɣϹҵĴүϹʮ꣬ŨüۣòãһӢ֮ССڲһ;ѾмأǿýϹƵˡԽ֮ʣµֻ˥䡣
ţǺǣڼҹԲ԰û׵ĻϹȰĶһֱһҸ
๫ˣ·ҿ˰ɣѾ׼ˮˣȥϴ裬ҽ˰ѷ͵ͺúϢϢɣССǵĵˣҪϲϹķˣССףϹ꣬ǰһ׼Ĵҹ㣬µóãѼдСС鶼ĽҲһܸɵŮˡϧһŮĵµıŮˡ
갡мҪһ£ӡϹеӣվֱһ£ֳһСŮСŮ꣬һλɫˣʤѩļƺƣһ˿΢ţƺʲô赸СŮһ˫۾Ǻܴȴ峺ˮˣƺ˾ƵϹŲơСŮңϹơ
˭Ϲָܲҵʡ
Ưǵ𣿡Ϲ۾ֱֱضҡ
Ϲƣ꣬ǵҵŮСãСĽ㡣Ϲĵؽţ۾ȴϹꡣ
๫ɶõŮ𣿡´ңдһ˿޵ˡ
ţ
ɶأ
ȥˣȥĴˣͶһӣ治֪⺢һôģҺиĵһֱֱ⺢ӵ￴ʵûа취ˣ֪ͨӣԭɶһֱסڳһС棬Щҵ䣬û뵽ȻôϹ˵ֻλǻںޡ
๫һͺãӽǵŮˣһúչģİɡߵ߶£ҵ֣˵зƶǰɣƶӽͽ𣿡
û˵ϹҲĿңֻعͷ꣬û˵ҽвڡ
Ǻǣû£ԺٽоͺˣСƣ磬СãСԺǶļˣ֪𣿡
ˣ˵ĸʲôҲǺֻ̧ܶͷգߵϦյͨ죬ֻǾ죬ܴۡ



 ˮ֮2
һתۣʮѾȥˡ
ʮʱ䣬óĶˣñϵĶˣֻϹҵլΪÿķ£ʮǰ졣
ڽһû˲֪ϹңͬҲû˲֪ϹŮϹ𣬰ѲҶչʹϹҵ鲼ϱһῡţһֱⷱæΪɣûκŮӴڻԼŮϹƣϹҴССļȫ죬Ľòǣȫ׵˼̤żȫСлŮϹǰλԲͬԣ³ڽϸ˴֣ԼҲеߡ
Сԭ˵ңСԭҵѾߡ
СƣˣҸһ£λʫ˫ӣպ棬Ҿˡ꾭ʮʱĴĥѾȫΪһˣеΪҽЩӸ磬ǰѾʮˣ굽ʮŵĹﻹûмˣͳЩŵЦˡ
ӣСŮڴˡҿߵǸǰ񡣹Ȼһ˲ŰҲ൱á˵ʵЩҺܲʲô鶼ҵԸҲûбҳףֻǲϵĽЩῡŸҡһܺõˣᣬҲ൱ϣǣ
ϡϹС㣬񣡡ܽŵվ˵ˡ
һҵòˣʲôʫ˫һ˶ѡСŮӳӵĴ氡Ȼһλ湫أ
Сˡ
ĵĽ̸ݣһɲĽ̸ģʽ죬ͻ˰ɡż죬ʲô˽⡣
òǸӣһصԼͣ
һĵļһӬһҶԼ˵ǸլģҲΨһһ֪ұԵˡԭһһʱŮö֮׷ɱڱһ֮һΪ˻һΪ˱ҼסΪҵʴӱ־Ϊûи׶С۸һЩ֮ͼ򵥵öֻ֮û뵽ҴӴһʰЩҲҵһˣǾˡֱ죬ͳԽȫʢʱڵֻǲģһֱԼʵˮ׼ҵߡ
ƶҲҸ˼ˣôˣٲ޾ͳϹˡֿʼ߶
ͲҪڷˣÿӦЩ˾͹˵ˡ
ǿ㳤ģʲôȫ˽⡣ǸǾԲϲģûкýġˣ׼ô죿ﵣǵؿҡ
ҷϣ˵ʲôô죿һ˰ܲܲɣ

ϹҺ֣ϹϹ𶼴ػˣһѵõľһ
ˣ㲻ڼСÿģϹϹĻ
ҿЩ˱ȽϿɣϹһȡЦ
ߣϣϹͷһϹûиС펡ģ
УУѽٲҵûˣôˣϹô飬ʮ¸Ͽ˼غۼ˿ûӰ󣬶Խˡ
ˣСˣ磬Էɣ³ġкǹԷ
ŶõģСƣڼһ𣿡ϹѸٵƶʡ
УϹмĿңֿԼĸһۣһɸֵı飬ֲϹҵˣеôȡϹʲô¶дϣСĵλͼ˵ĳ谮ɡ
СϹЩŭصȻͷ˵Сƣ㲻ҪС⺢Ӿ
ţ֪ģҲϵģ˵ҲûǺǣҺϲϹѾͷ
ܿˣҲˣҶһÿһţϹһֱңϹӣҲмϹӣȻճϹ굹ǺܿģþûмԼɷͶȻϲģԼɷѾˣŻһŮ˶ԣһһԷҸڰɡ
ֻǣͷβϹûпһۣġ
ûҲϹŮֻ֪ˮɶһŮŮӡ˭Ҳֻ֪ҷƶʲô֪
ϹⱲϲӦþˣѾ׼ˣϧһ˽ˣҡ˽ϹȢڵӣϲ䣬õľһغһҡϹǽңϹһǽңС⣬ǣȴϲС
廹𣿡Ȼֻ˵ˡ
Ϲʻ̧ͷһۣڸҶһ֮ƿߡ岻ͷƶˡ
˵ĻŮĸײ쾭αЦţǲǿңʼûƿԼߡ
һܰļͥ۲;ˡ͹һصͣԺСͤ￴һƬԺӣĩϵԺϰϰżһֻʱڵөһһģʧ
СƣڸʲôأϹ𣬾֪Բ
ûʲôֻǾϢһᡣô𣿡Ϲ𣬴Ӽҵϲ˰ɣ֪Ҳõʱ򣬻˷˺þأԲŻرĺãԲŻᱻСᡣҼ£Ȼ̲סҵˣֻǣǼʶʵң֪᲻ôأ
ŶΪһϣϲϹɬĴͳһֻΡ
ۣƯΣţֻεȷƯϲּҸŵֻμǰҵϲôġ¹£ֻϵķƺʱϾĽ谵ҹɫкĿ
ϲҾ֪ңϣ𣿡Ϲ̽Ŀңȫһ¶̬
ţлл磡ҶȻһЦѾҸĿҪˡ
ҴϽ֮˵ˣҸȥˡ
߿ıӰҺȻԼĺܱӣΪõұҸΪҲһеļһȻԶģÿοҸնԼһ֡ժ֧Σаš
ֻκƯһڱ
һսԺĺڰһӼЩһЩôղŲҿң˸ˡ
ƶ㻹𣿡Ϲûߵֻͤվ棬֪ʹڣҲûڿҵģǣҺܿġ
ţܺã˺չңҲҺܺãȻС⡣ҵûʲô仯ôš
Ǿͺãƶһº𣿡Щԥ
ʲô
㲻ҪôᣬҪȥˡ
ĳʹһ£Ҽװ⣬˵Ϊ˵
ţϢɣңˡ
תĽŲҲסˣתվھҪߣ˰Ż֮ͶҲǣ˵ֻһߣ
ϹûмߣֻǱңҲû˵
Һ㣡ҳ˹ȥӺ汧סǰǽûб˵£ϹϲˡԴҴǸĴӳҾ϶ⱲҪˣϹסʱԽҶĸԽʶҰǰǰ̲ס̹˰⣬ΪʲôͻȻҰԭ
ƶʲô֣Ϲһס˫ԽұԽƶҷ֣
㲻ǣǰҾ͸˵ϲ㣬ڶˣһ߾ǰ꣬ĻֻᵽֻƬľôݲ𣿡֡
Ϲ޷ֿͲ˵ΪѾˣƶǰ˵˵һ飬Ҳκаģ
ͰҵˣҲģֻһ𣡡ҿధϹ֪ôġÿÿαӦˣЩ׵ˣȻ˼ÿտҵģĺҿࡣ
ƶں˵ʲôϹһʹƿתֵ˺ü֮󣬶˵Ҳô˵㣬ô˵Ƕ裡
û˵ֱֱֻضϹܿע⵽ҵߣֽƫ˹ȥ
һ裬˵ȫûнҵͷҼ
ûУҴûϹϵıҿУӦ൱ɡ
ߺߣ㿴ҵ˵仰ҲЦתҰûйĻΪʲôҪȥꣿΪʲôǰʼͲҵΪҳú𣿡
Ϲ˵վվûаת
㿴ҺˣҲںҵ˭ֻ㱧ңؿ
ҼʱһӰƳԶһ񱻵ϵʯͷ˵ϣȻȻֱ˵һϹƣˣҪҵŮ㻹ϹҵĶС㣬㻹ҪʲôľٶͲҪϹٴȥһˣûУУҲҪ̫ӽûôӣ
Ϲ˵ʹҴҵطȥ
ҹ̫ˣûп˵ʱı飬ǲǸһ䳹ǡ㶵ڵϣɶֹĲˮҲһţҲȫûȥֹͣ˼ˮͣʹӦôй
زٲˣֻˮţҲʼľˡ廹Լĳ嶯ǲ˵ٲԽԽԶ˰ɣ
Ȼһҵϣ̧ͷҲȥˮ
ƶ˰ϲĻֻһ˾ͺˣ
顭
㣬ݸһСĴƿͻȫȫ⣬Զֻһˡ
ˮɣˣȷֻϲһˣǲԼ˭Ҳ䣬ͲˣҲҪ
֮ˣòԼɣֻǷƶûҪȻ뿪Զ𣿡ɫƺе㲻ӦΪҵ˰ɡ
лл㣬ԼԼȻô˵ҾһҪĵϲҡҲŲҪô䡣



 ˮ֮3
֮󣬺ͻȻģҵ±Ǹӡ
Ϲʲô˼ҳ嵽Ϲ鷿ȫ֧еܻˡ
֮ȫǸĸ֮ʲô𣿡Ϲңֻǿ˱䡣
ĳ顣鷳ҪҸϳ𣿡˲ʡ
˵ʲô֮ʮ֮飬㻹׼ü˰ɣ
ҲҪ
ɲ㣬ȥ
Ϲ
ĸף벻Ҫ֣
ûת˰ɣһ˿⡣
׾ͺáϹȻŻƶ㻹Сܶ㶼һ˲ô򵥵飬ԺȻ׵ġ
𣿿ǲҪһң㲻ҪңҲذͳȥɣͼƽϢеŭ
Ϊã㲻˵ˣ˵ʲôʮ֮ҾԻ޳ȥģ
ѾƽĺˣսȭͷŬԼȥһ⡣ϸĶͼҵһ˿ᡣôĶǾͲͷ
ڵģұ֤Һúޡ
˦߳鷿ȴſϹ𡣡˵ӦףǲǣϹżץסҵļҡΡ
ϹҺȻϹǾ仰ҲҪ̫ӽûôӣ
ҾԲҪӽǰɣΪĶӣǾͶԲˣеĺ⿪ʼӡ
һ˿ᣬϹֱסϹʵ˵ҡҲҪ޸ˣǡǵҾͿܿˣһֱܻͣ
ص̼֮ͣṦܿеˣĵ߻鷿
ŪϹã֮޿ܣ͸ҹȥ⡣ԼĶӣϹô򾲡
СֲŮΪʲôԣϹ𣬿ǱռݵĺȻʼΣԥǷҪ
˵Ծǲԣ治֪ǸϹƸʲôƣŪߵϹûȻ˵ֻ
Ϲұƽôô˵ƶҲϹҵ˰
ʵʵؼˣϹŮȻʲôǣҲҼסֻûһ޹ؽҪˣ֮ǾԲܳΪӵģ

Ҹع°òҪ̽ҵĵߣӦõģ

ˣٶ˵һ䣬Ͳóˣ̻Ὣϳţ⼸øʵһ㣬׼ȥȥϹгвʹϹ𲻸ٶ˵ʲôεسȥˡ
Ϲȥ֮Ϲ˶йϣԼĶͷȥƣ롣
ȻɶΪʲôϲҵĲ㣬ȴŮѵĲʽ𣿡
仰·һѻһֱңҲƲסеǹɺ⡣ҶŲ뿪͵Ĵڣһ֣Ƭ׵ȫܡ
һصͣһֱŶϹĺ⡣߽ԼĹ뷿Ϳɫˡҽ֮վ˵ƶ뿪𣿡
ʲôΪʲôҪߣ
ߣҲҪⳡǷˣҲ뿴㱻ްŵӡƺܽƶСһúӣﻹڵʱΪ˲㵣ģһֱõӳǰҸ㵽Ҳһô㣬֪ʵ㲻֪һֱͺЩ޾ȻǸϹ飬ҲҪˣߺȥȥĵطòã
û°ɣΪʲôôõ飿ǲǷʲôˣֱоʲôҡ
ƶ㵽ҪҪߣ
ҿֵҲ֪Ǻڸ˵仰ǣҲߡʹϹִңʹҺɲߣ뿴Ҳߣ߲ˣ᲻
ơˣƶϢɣ֮Ҵȥһˡ￴ƺǷȰˣ˵ת뿪ˡ
֮Ҹ뿪ϹҵĴլȻ󷭳ǽ˽һ˼ҵǰߵһ̵ĵ֮ſˡҽȥ֮һŵ˼ҴǴڵȣߵһ䷿䣬ͷȼ˷ĵƣֽ˸һ䷿䣬һϵͷˡ
ȸšȻͶǸͷסˣô£
ɣҺˣ֪ҵ³˵һȥϵͷ룬ĺܣһƺܽɱ
ǡǣֻ֪ɫ԰׵˵һԡ
⾿ô£˭ܸҽһ£ǱʶҺųǰͷ
Ǹͷʼ´ңÿһһͺëߡ
ǺǣȻҵŮͷ˵žЦ
˵ʲô˭Ů
㣬Ϲƣԣ㲻ýϹƣӦýг̷ƣң߹ȹһŮ
һӲ֪ǺˣδףһľȻүүүүȻǸ߹ȵĹҴδ㽭Ƕ߹ȵֶ˵߹ʢߣȫ֮ˣһ֮ɫаɡ
ѻ˵Ŀһ˵
ҵŮҾ͸㣬ʮǰЩ°ɣ
ʮǰ߹ȵٹʮչС뽭ϵһˮɶˡѱŹ־ǸˮҴС㣬ˮɶҲŮˮɶ˺ܿ׹밮ӣ
ǣֻһҰСӣˮһ൱ͷĴ󻧣ȻϽˮɶҵʱϹΨһ̳ϹѾ׼øˮɶˣϹҽΪ׼Ƕôջ󰡣
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һȥءǱˮɶֻҲزˣһȺν˰㣬߹⡣
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 ˮ֮3
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һΣҽסջΥ׺Ķĵش򿪺ţЩһĺһ档ǡ
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ԣ˵һݣڰš
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Ҳ׼Լ׵飬ǸΣ˵ˣҪҪӳٻڣҾܾˡܿĵİοܼ޸ǶôĿģϣе˶֪飬ͺܿĵˣȻԸģȥ£֪ҲԽԽˡ
ǻˣеһнӽ쿪ʼ



 ˮ֮4
ҹе˶Ѿ˯ˣΪ켴ʼĻ񡣵Ļ񣬼ȡ
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ȥ֮һߵԼһϹķ䣬ڶҪ˽֪ǾԲܾҵġ
һ㣬Ͳһ㣬ҾͳϹŮˡʵѾ׼ˣνҶԼϹΪⱰ΢ģİһ˽ᣬǸղҺˣƿʱΪǾ仰ǵٴοʱҺ¼ˣߣһеߣеĹ뿪еıƻΪͻȻҵǼٵĹϵ𣿺ʹడǷ̰װΪ˱ͻȻ֣Ȱ뿪ȴ˵ֻһСˣҵһ˻ҪСңҾ֪ˡ
ڵϹǰѾԼˣǴ֮󣬿ģȴһûмµӣԲλࡣ
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ŶôҵĲ谡ǲ֪ûӺȣŶ
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һ϶Ϲ˵ˣϹȥʱżȻʶˣ˳ͷʧ˻һ㣬Ҿ΢һ£ǲ̫⣬ǾԲʲô򵥵飬Ӧ˽ɣҲ㲢ϲֻöѣ֮Ҿ͸ȷˡҲģ֮ǰҲ¶棬˰ɣ
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ƺʵŵˣ΢΢˰죬ȴܾ׼ĽסͭȻźá
Һܿϵˮȥؿвλӣ뿴ϷҲ࿴˰ɣٴҿɲұ֤ʲôӡ
ǺǣȤҺ㣬ôҵĻɣҰָˡ
Ҿܾ뿪
ҽξ٭ZᰣסǲסԼүֲˣһλãԲҪŶȻߵ˳ȥ¶֮ǰ
ˣһʲôĲҪˣֻһûκιϵİ׳նѡôοԼԼ
Լķϼϴϵĺױ·֮󣬾ϲˣҲˣʱˡ
СС㣬үˣүˣСԭ󳳴̴ֵӺС˳ȥ



 ˮ֮5
ȥ֮Ҳûֱ뿪һװ֮һ͵УĴɢϢϹСϹү˽ˡвϹҵˣ֪ҲϹв٣ܿ죬Ϣڱ֮дˡʱϹҪﶼûг֣ʹϢԽԽˡ
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ʱӵͯȻĶ߶˼֮ɫ䣬Ȼŭݵ˵ϹҲ̫˰ɣǲǾܺˣΪʲôСԼĸ˽
ӣ㲻Ҫ˺˵ôܣƶǱ°ȥˣְܻڵ¿ɲ˵껹ͼΡ
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ڣҵѪԵϵ游һˡΪһֵģһϹøҲŶԣû뵽ҾȻˣԸеżˣԼˡ
һһֻϺ꣬Ϲҵĺọ̈ڶ̫󣬿ʼ̼ҵע⣬Ҷʼע⵽ڹϹˣǳһڲص̫ˣ˭޷µⱳĺ˭
һӦǺ״İɣǾһ˳˳ˮʱϹҺȻ֮ˣϹĳһΣˮڶ˵úñϹң˵һ㶼Թôһ򵥵ΣϹˣȻҵĽϹϾһ̣ƵƵֻĳһĽֹ֮пʼ𽥿ʼշԼʧءһ͹µʱ䣬һʼżˡ
µĻǸϹǲɱԴ޹ʧԺ»ص˳һߡ
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ԭˣ˵ΪʲôôҲҲһתһ֮󣬺ܿЦһ£ãҴӦ㣡³֮УһгЦ档
²˳٣ڶϣҾͱŪˣһָʶʱѾϹǰˡ
˵ʲôҪҰϹҵļҲȫ͸㣬ЦˣһϹ̬ٷչһ°ɣװΡ
㲻ˣˮɶŮܲˣΪʲôЦҲ׼ˣŽĶ˶ỻһСġ
㡭汰ɣ
ɣ㲻ҪЦˣ赶ɱɱҵĶӳôͲ˵ˣ
ҡ˭ɶȡ
˵ȻҲǺϲǸˮɶԸҶߵİɣϻö˵ǲˣ
ҶԿȻаˣϹҵļҵܽˣ
ߣаˣҲòȥɣȻǿԼŮ
㡭˵ʲô
ĵĳܣ˾ôһһĳΪʲôЩ˼˵ô£Ĩǵģһһռ˵ĲƲһԸԼĲƲңϳԼˡҵ˰֮ǳˣΪһָʾι˶ҩ߹ȵزһꡣһ֮ڷ߻ʹ಻Ҳ޶࣬һ֮󣬻̽״̬֮Իѹ
ʹûдĻɫҲӦǲ԰׵ˡ
ɣֻһʱ俼ҪƲҪϹƣ
һҲŮôģ
ŮҿɴûгϹǸˮɶҲǣҾԲҳ̼ҵˣ
ҿʼС
ƶƶû°ɣϹڿʼעˡٵȣһ仰ǾȻǲȣҺȷĽ֡
ۣʶҲʹĥЩģˣǻѾ˵Щʲôˣһʱ˰ɣ֮ǰֻҪһ䣬һͺãֻǹҶ˵Ļ
ˣˣҸ㣬Źɣ
ã֮ǰ仰͹ˣҿ԰ĵתͶ̥˰ɣ٣ҲˣټˣеˣİɣҲǴźȥģԣңˣ
һȻֻж̶̵ʮ꣬㹻ףһˣˣ˭ðɣ
ʵһʼҾûд㸴ҰһӦðˣ֪ᷢ飬׼ˣҲϹͶЩоˣܶȫ˽⣬ֻżǻЩڴһҺһЩ֪Ҹ׵ʱҵȷЩܲˣҲԹ޹˵ʵһûκӡĸҪôĸ˱ҲΪ˲ٺ⣬˵飬Ϲҵ˱Ƚ϶һЩҵһ֮󣬶Թȥ඼Щ˽ˣҲ֪˳һĿľΪϹҵĲƲ߹ʵЩ׾ˡһȻʲôˣҲѪԵϵ游ҲֱӽҴ˼ҲؿϹҾôٵȻǺϲˣʮ黹ǲܾôܲ˰Ϲ꣬ǺҵģȴһֱѹԼʵ飬ҺãϹһүʵֲʲôǰʲôȴ˵ǾöΣоǿɰСΪʲôϲأôҵģˡ
Ҳ߻һ飬ԸΪϹȻʹһԳ֣ȻⰲߵģһжΪ˽졣˵õóһȥвϹȻķӦΪҷƲȻǲҵҲһ룬ǲҵͱɣҼҵҲᾡ١֮Ҿͻ뿪һУ¿ʼԼ
ʵʲôӦһҲģҲΪѵģҵҶסϹҵҲỹֻԳͷһһŶҵΰˡݣһ֣һ֣ң֣һ࣬ҲǲңôˣǺȥġֻѣͳһҲѾ׼ˣվͻ͵ȸǸƭһ걻ҵˣһ֢״ƵĶҩֻûмĹЧĻȻҲԹúûšһԼĻ㹻߹ĿˣٶЩ취ָ߹ȵİɣҲûвһ£Ϲ֣߹Ⱦͻ군Ϊ߹жҩĽҩҩȫд÷һȫĵطˣһЩӾͻʹһݡǣ⵱Ȼ˵ѵˣΪҲʶһиˣЧвˡ
ڿ԰ĵȥͶ̥ȥˣĻϣһ˳谮Ĺٺ٣ĺֵڴ



 ˮ֮6
ʶļ
޵𣿲˵޵ǺҹļٵģģȻ˰ɣأԭ޵ǳİҪ֪޵ôҲͲ˰ɣǺǣǺǣţ˭ˣţ𣿹Ļ治أǸӣһ£ǲ˰ǣǡһ˲䣬Դ񱻰鳺ݺù
ξ٭ZᰣҾѹԼԭ˯һŴģ
Цеؿң˵Ȼǵҵְ
Ҳˣ
һ˲Цݳ鴤һ£ŻûС
ȻʲôѸΪԼ֮ŵĿξ٭ZᰣȻ൱ֱˣ˵ĸоΪʲôһŰ
һ겻ּ󸴻ҩ𣿡
ҩһˣӦ˲Ŷԣ
ţǱ㻻ҩֱһȥˣʶһµһС͵ʶ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôҪң
ҵĻô㻹һ϶ΪᱨȻ׼Ϲ֮ǰֹأǲ˰Ȼˣ͸һȥɣҵĻ
˭Ļ쵰ҪԾ˵ˣҪǸҴҵļƻҾͶ㣡䲻𣿡ĺһֶҩҲЦ
ξ٭Z᰼Цţֻǿң˰֮¿ʼ˵ΪʲôҪأŲ𣿡
ЩĿǺȻ˵˵ˣʲô˼أ˭Ҫң߲˵˶ǻȽϺһ㣬һڴ
ûҪ𣿿ǵأĹȥҲۣڴ޸ݵڿʼٻһΣξ٭ZᰵдƶϵЦǰδеҫۣĺƯһΣΪһţ
һʼҾ֪ˣ޷ܾΪЦʵ̫ˣЦͻһֲĳ嶯Ϊţеǰ£ֻΪţʵģһ
ܾúܻ󣬿ʮֻ󣬼ʹҪӦʮֻ󣬲ô׵ĴӦҼȻˣܾܲôȥѰɣܵҸطȥ֪Щ˶ôˡ
ƺǿҵ뷨һЦ˵ļƻƭôˣԤڵĽҲȫˣһҲȥˣҲˣϹͻȥˣҥȻҲˣҲǲģպ÷ϹҶ˵ĽڡϹ˲ʧ벻ʲôİɡϹ飬˰ɣԽİϲˣǷһˡˣҪҪȥԼɨĹҴȥΣ
ʲôҵĹ
ţʵڳ⣬е˶ΪˣһΣҰڳġôȥ𣿡
ҡȥҲ뱻˿
ʱξ٭Z᰺Ȼһ澵ӣ˵Լɡ
ҽӹеľӣһԼȻŻˣ˭ѵҽʬˣʬҲһƯ
ʵĵԸȻͳô࣬˲òడ
쵰ǲһˣ
ҪżŮˣܵҸչ㣬ֲñ˿ֻøһˡ
ϣ
ݰ˵ûУԼһ²ˣֻһ߶ѡ
ҶһԼȻûʲôʵУϸԵλЩӷģģˣûлٵܸܲһһߣźó󡣡
Ǻǣ˼ϲǿѣҲǿھ͸ߣؾٸһȥɣȻЦͲ۵
һĲǿǰ׳հҶ㰡
ţҸһҵĻᰡôˣʱſڵҰҪٵˡȻ͵һȥˣڿ޷İ˵߳ȥˣ߻˵ʵҲǺܳ󰡣ֻһͨѣҳûдߣŰɡ
˵ƾʲôΪһ߰ҴУϧûκλشѾ߿ˣɶļһҾˣһҪ
ҵĹأʲôأ
Ǹո˯ѵԵʣ廹ûʲôǿӴŷֶӺöܣ·һǮװ˺ܶǮһ·֮˳ȥŷֻһͨլͳȥˣȻûаӰ֮ȥһٺˡ
ҵһݣòص˺ٵǺܾµļʳһż׼ϸĵĳԷʱӵӰкȻԼڵˣҲϹˣֻһˣٹʲô⡣һܾˣôһᡣ뵽ҺȻˡ
ȣŰѽżһŵϣȻ󶪵Լе˫ӣֱȥץĸţоǿϵľµʳܾȱʲôǣŴ˳
СС
СŻŵܹΪʲô顣λСʲôԸ
СЩҳˣϴ̵ģʲôѼֻϣ˺ˣ鲻
СǱŻˣײײȥ˲ˣȲˣڿʼеԵĺ·ȫȫˣԣµˡ
Ա֮һĨ죬Ŵİ׳յĵȥһԼĹˣȥݼһҲð
ұߴߣҵԼĹءĹغܺʻţܲҲǶԵˡţĹˣϹ꣬ϹϹ˵ˣҲԣҲǲġ
Ϲˣ㲵Ļеܣ粻Ǳ˷ŵģĹ˰ɣʵҿĳֽۣѵɫҲǵȻģѹԼô꣬һǽˡٿϹ𣬺ĵӣҲãֻһģǴߵӰɡٿϹ𣬰Ϊʲôȥĵһ
ˣǵȥɡһôȥѡһɣ￴ϵƮƮȥ
ǺȻ֮Լƺͻ࣬ҲǴû֮ҵеԵʰɣҲ޹ˣҲ޹ˣҲˣˣ˵ԭ£֮ƵࡣﻹһĿյġ
ڣǶˣߵĹǰ֮ĹϿšŮϹ֮Ĺ֡ſЦ˳ȻƲסеĳ嶯еϹ
˭ϹȻҵһû뵽Ȼۻˡ
ѡѾͷˡ
ѣϹʾɻ󣬡ѣô֪
ǺǣЦЦѿڶΨһĵѣǲֻ֪ΪԸ֪ɣ
ŶղΪʲôǸ
֪֮ˡ
ߺߣҲǸ˵ΨһѣӦúɣ
ţӦö֪ģʱҲ͸Ϊһˣˣ˵ģΪʲôҾʵϲ
˭˭˵ϲ㲻Ҫ˵ұͺϹţȴˡ
ŶΪʲôۻ
ֻǻ䣬ʵЩ
ʲô
ôˣͻȻ֮˳ϹҶСݣȻôͻȻˣһûأһԴǿһЦеӣһʮȫʮļһǾ֣ʲô˵Ȼסһ𣬵ܸоǵİˣһסʮҲôĮҼҺҲأҲȫ˵΢ȴСأһ㶼ˣҸأҿóǷǳϲϹƵģ㿴ҲûҸĵʲô̶ȣⲻǱ𣿡ϹһߵӡϹȫˡ
ϹϲҵǸŮ֣ԲһֱϳޣҲŻһֱҵЩʵҲ֪ͦĵģҲôȻҲе׷ʲô飬ǵҵ˵˵ʱҿȻ΢ЦŵģҲ͹˰ɣһοЦôҸҲû׷ʵзʲô顣֪ŮһԼȥʲôûмֵĶȻΪһļֵôģһôĻʱǲǾһֽѰǱ׳գǰÿοЩαװЦҶʵ²ȥ֣׳ʲô˵ҪĶ˵ÿζԼصúúõأҲôϲ۸˭һνӣ˾ƾʲôȻҶСλãҲӦЩе鰡ûаӦõðÿζ뱣һ㣡Ϊʲôҵλþôռ˰쵰ϹƣҲģ㣡㻹ȻһؾôˣôĶ֪ͱôĪˣϹƣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
һѱסϹ̧ͷ򿴼۾ˮֲ֪ôˡСʵƶһֱͰ㵱õģңϲ˾ˣ֪㲻ҪǰŶĵģԣ
ҾôϹվ˰죬ҲҵĻ˰죬ˣȻҵĻ˯ˣĵرͻԼĹ뷿ŵϣǺñӡ˯գȻůůأĵ˳ȥŴá
İˡ
պʱʹ㣬˳ſڣξ٭ZǸһȻҳٵʱ

֪ⱲӣԸʲô𣿹֪Ҹ㣬ǣҪξ٭Z֪𣿹ιιɣ˰ȻǰȥĸûãȻô򵥾ͺˣңһܣܺȡ
ιںˣ



ʮ ʵ۵1
緹ҴƣֵϳȥˡĪϧҴҵظǣ޾ξ٭ZҲ͸һȥˣµҲ͸ˡ
ص֮ĪϧͶξ٭Z˵ĴΪʲôһЩ飬æҡһ춼ˣ¶Էԭķ仹ڰɣһһ죬ûʲôر鲻Ҫң绹ϵĵķ˸͵¶ԷУҸҶǵģԼõļҵҶȥˣ˸˵һлУ˰Ұѷ·ΡǸˣȥúˡлУŸҿã׼ҹңҲ׼ҹ͵ţʱЩˣ𣿡
ţţסˣһ𣿡ξ٭Z᰻΢Ц
ʲô
׼ʲô
ܣʵ˽ޣ߰ɣĪϧ޴ǵ¶Էȥˡ
ŻæſĪϧȥıӰ˵
ţξ٭Zе㸴ӵؿĪϧȻҹܼҰ齻һ¾ͻԼľȥˡ
ţξ٭Z᰷һֱе飬Ȼض˵
ʲôڿξ٭Z᰽ס
ղĪϧ˵ǲȥ͵𣿡ξ٭Z᰺ȻЦ
֪Ϊʲôžξ٭Z᰽е㲻һ˵˰
ȷ൱õЦݡ
Ӳشһǳ鴤ǺǣҺڲôȷˣû˵
ţܺãȥɣξ٭Zվ¶Էȥˡ

Ƭ֮Ѿξ٭ZĪϧڷȵطϡ
ܲˣΪʲôһֵطôţһֱΪĪϧZᰣһôôǸŮ˰ѵǳ˵ķࣿȫšȻ뵽ʲôСʣˣZᰣĪϧзʲô𣿾ǽúе㲻һˡ
ţǺǣʵҲûзʲôξ٭ZЦĺ
ۣܺҮܾеûǲҪȥȽϺãЦЦָĪϧ˵ڸʲô
ţ𰸱Ƚ΢ӦϰʲôɣӼ𣿡ξ٭Z˼ؿĪϧ
Īϧϰ·ͷ϶һܴĻƿ
С㣬ŲһЩҪסͷϵƿֵһġֱͦһ㣬ԣãתԣתʱŲҪǵӯҪڵϻһ仨СһԶ·Īϧָָ㣬ٲȻһģָһ֮˵С㣬бҪҪϰ·ƽʱ·Ѿܲˣʹ棬Ҳòôɣ
УһҪӣ˵ģʹһĵطҪһ档Ȼ֪ΪʲôǻʵƺңҾ͵ĸˣκνڵҡĪϧĵ˵Ծֱͦһ㡣
ǲ첻ڻʹԶٷֲҪʲô飬бҪϰôණ𣿡εؿһ飬һܹ
ߺߣû취ʹһ˼ĵطʲô״пܻᷢһ½ƽʱᷢʲô鶼Ϊһɹˣұʱ״ȥˣκиʵԽǾûҪʱԽϳִ󡣲鷳ڻʹԷһ鷳Ĺء
С˵ĻеģȻҲǺܶˡ״ܻҹˣܿСһŮֵõģѾҲֻСˡ
һ߿ŶѣʲôĪϧһۣȻеߺ޵˵ξ٭ZǸ׳գΪʲôһңͻȻ˵ʲôǻʵ۵磬ˣ
С㣬ԹԼķа׳յģŲˣүֲ֪СҪ׼Щ飬£һֻҪƯƯȥμӾˣƫƫҼСʵȴӣΰ
ޣȹ˽쿴ôʰ㣡һʱ䣬Ǿͽһڡ
ŶĻش
͵ʵе벻ͨڸʲôǵĻһͷˮˣĵؿһξ٭Zᰣȴξ٭Zһ۲գؿ棬ҺʲôܺƵأЦĺ
С㣬㰡үǲǷʲô鰡Ҹоǽе㲻һŶ޿ĪϧȻûͷûԵôһ仰
ˣҵһӲûˣĪϧһͷϵĻƿۼֿĽסˣȻĪϧԵеŵش˵ں˵ЩʲôҸξ٭ZᰵĹϵ㲻ңʲôͬ㣬㵹˵˵
ţʲôͬҲ˵ǸоǺһӹϵˣǰôİˣٺ٣С㣬Ŷܽ˵ǲǷʲô㲻ҶҪɣ޽ĪϧЩˡ
ô氡ûʲôϵɣĪϧæƿߣװеĻƿԼбֵôֻͨĽ̸Ѱ
ʱҲˣЩŵ˵ֻǺ棬棬㿴ⲻǱʾҺܹС
ĪϧһԼĽ֮¿ޣѵҿֻ̫ˣʲôûôİҸôѾһסˣôҲû˰ɣ̫ˣ
Ҳ˼ͻȻ֮ģͻȻ֮Ϥ˺ö࣡ιС㣬һ㣬𣿡ֺƵĪϧߡ
ĪϧеĻţǻǺܺõת㿪ޣϵΣȻһ˵ʲôҲûзֻģҪʾöѣ˵ŻССĻ̌һͷ˵ԣҾһ¸úദˣЩˣǿ㿪ʼϰģԷĹʲôġ
ʧСǲ̫ûˣЩԹ
ס⵽Ϊֹûôʱ⣡
ǣһĻش
һҲŵı鿴ξ٭ZᰣСʣZᰣʾã
ξ٭Z᰻ͷһɣɱ
ξ٭ZתȥһĪϧ˵Ů治ɰ˵һĵṦ뿪
Ż²Ҹȥʱ˵ˡ
޻̲סʣС㣬ûүް
˰憪£治֪ǸϲʲôĪϧʼתƻ⡣
޺ܵľͱתƿˣʲôСŲҪ˵ôܻϲң
Ҳû˵ϹӶóϲòãĪϧﰵϲ
ɣһЩʲô˵ǲܣҪľ鷳أ
һ⻰￪ʼˣ飬鷳Ҳǲ͵µתվǰָĪϧ˵ĲҪ˵òã˭ϲϲҲ鷳أߣ˵ˣһֱܵξ٭Zᰵ鷿ȥ֮˵Ů治ɰZᰣǳȥаɣ
ξ٭Z岻ݴǵشӦˡ
Īϧķ棬۵СۣȻĪϧָŸղվĵط˵ɣҾ˵ϲ㣡




ʮ ʵ۵2
Īϧڷѵʱξ٭Zᰴһ鲻˳ֵĿյغݺݵشһܣֱΧҲûпƻĵطΪֹȻξ٭Z᰾ͺܲˬĶһ˵ڵ˯˵Żϴȥˡ
ˣǻʵ۵ٵŸոշλѾڳõȺΪϺˡ
ξ٭Zǲ糯ģ֮ǰûʲô飬ǻˣ첢һ˯ӡξ٭Zù֮ߵĪϧķſڣ̽һ£沢ûˣĪϧһ¶Էûлط
һֱóŽʱξ٭ZڼĪϧĪϧŹװһ׼٣ͷϵ黨ӦĶܾ£ҲʺĪϧ硣
Zᰣôûдٷ첻ҪͰٹͬϯ𣿡Īϧξ٭Z֮Ǻ棬չأָʽϣүǱ봩ŴݵĻ۵ĵģξ٭ZһҲƽʱôעǵĴţԵøףһֵĸо
һҪװҲȽʺҲ𣿡ξ٭Z΢ЦſĪϧĪϧɻһʽ࣬װҲһοĪϧϡǲ֪ģѹֵȻ֮תһ㣬װʺ㡣
޸ղŻ˵·ʺءĪϧԼϵ·˵
ͦϲĵġξ٭Z΢Ц˵ȻߵĪϧߣ˵ˣʱ䲻ˣˣɣ
Īϧξ٭ZͻŪемܲסˣתƻ⣬˵õӦϾˣ
ǽʹͬãݱϾǸѾߣֻܸߡξ٭Z᰽š
ŶǵˡĪϧЩŵ˵ֻҪһ뵽ֻξ٭Z˶Ϳʼš
ʱҲùŮװˣξ٭Z᰾ͷĪϧˡ棬ĪϧǻԾôˣȻ𣿸ô찡ˣξ٭Zĵط̰Уҵ˵Щʲôΰȫ֪˵ЩʲôŹ͵Ȼ֪ξ٭ZǾԲģѱŲҪǱ֪ҵܣҲܴˣô￴ΪʲôôСĪϧǿװƽﻹ̲ס˼롣ռ䲢Īϧֻܾܵξ٭ZԶһ㡣
бҪôԶֲ㣡ξ٭Z᰿ϵĪϧεʡ
ţǺǣô˵ˣĪϧһεŲһ㡣Ȼ
һһߵʻţް棬ʲôƺܿĵӡ棬ĪϧŽظоˣʵֻ˯˴һʱ
ĪϧʼǷȻƤ֧ŲסʼܣĪϧֱֱأżͷصһ£ǻǺܿáСıһСʯͷһ£ĪϧȻǰſȥξ٭Zۼֿķס
Īϧã˼ĳξ٭ZЦЦξ٭ZѵõһüͷЩ𱸵˵Ļ͵˯һˣǺܴ󣬵ǻǹġûô˯ɣ
ˣҪŪ·ͷġҲûô
ˣξ٭Z˵űĪϧߣ˵ϾͲˣʹдŰʱʱ䣬˯һɣ
ңˣȥɣܼģĪϧһ˲١
㿿ͿҪôϻҲģҵӾˡξ٭ZЩͷ˵
Ȼô˵ǡĪϧŸôܾ
㲻ʱҪ©ʲôҿɲˣʵ黭ʲôɣξ٭Zв˵ţȻǿԵİĪϧԼϡ
Īϧ䣬תһξ٭Z֪ҲãҾǱҲûжãɴͲ˵ˡξ٭ZߵĪϧӲģ΢뿪һ̻ᱻãֻ˳ӵؿȥȻСֹ˵շһǺġ
Īϧտʼʱ˵ˣֱĺܣԴһƬңҪһЩʲôʲô벻ԽͷԽʹξ٭ZϵζƺܺţĪϧؿʼɣҲӱϮڻ̲ס۳˯ȥˡ
ǿż˯ĪϧòǺʼϵĵƣɵξ٭Zᰵϡ
ǵģֻ˯˵ʱôʵûзξ٭ZšĪϧ˯úܳƿĴС˵гݳһ㣬һЩ໨Щʱûйϵġ˵Ҳ;ͷ´
ţŶүȻЩԣǻǴȥˡ
ڣǵ˻ʹ档
үʹˡ溰š
ξ٭ZԥҪҪĪϧѣʱĪϧԼˣĪϧһͦȫûи˯ѵӡ
Ŷˣ³ˣҪȥμİɣҰչӦȥʺŶԺڶ֣ȥİɣǾ͸жɣ߰Īϧһ˵Щ۾ûпξ٭Zһ£ȻŻŵߵˡ
Ů治ɰξ٭Z᰿ĪϧԶıӰţĪϧһſˣŷ³ԸݳʵȺĴȥˡ
ˣˣҲ˵Ҫ˯ŵΪʲô˯ˣһϣҲֻǿļ찡ҶʲôֻĪϧŲɿţ߰š
С㣬С㣬С㣡һ߼ӿԼĲԷԼĪϧһССؽĪϧҲΪ̫СԵʣĪϧû֮£С׷ĪϧĳһĪϧӡ
ޣĪϧСޣʲô㲻С˵Ҫӱ˿಻ã
С㣬ҽöˣһֱûϵҿһ·߹ģ𣿶עһ󣬲Ȼôѵ㰾ҹ
ĪϧһʱŻ˲ӣȻС˵飬һʱûע⣡˵㲻кú˯ҹֻһˡ
飿ˣô
˭˭ˣ̫۵ģ
ƽʱôҲû죬С㣬ʵ˵ղǶʲôˣ·ϵʱүͻȻƿӽгϳ㣬ȵ㣬ȻôԾ
ͻȻվס޲ײϡĪϧͷޣ˵ޣԽԽɣԽԽˣҸ㣬Ҹξ٭ZʲôûУʲôУԣҪĵ⣬вУ
ĪϧеĪ֪ʱǲҪĪϧĺãԺһʲôĪϧͲˡǣ֪С㣬֪ôȥ𣿡
ţŲ֪
С㣬֪㻹ߵôһǰ壿޺̾˿
ô֪˵ô죿
һʱ򣬹ſڶרŸ·С̫Ⱥǻͷɣ
㲻˵
ΪС֪
ˣ߰ɣ
ξ٭Zᰵ˴ʱѾҪʼˣ˽ȥжһ̴ľС
ξ٭Zᰵ̫
ʵڴмλϣֱ߾Ǵξ壬ֱߵȴξٷճ˳λӦǶξ٭Zᰵģ⣬ֻӶѣټξٷܻʵ۵ĳ谮Լĸʵƹܺ󹬵Ȼξ٭Z΢ĵطԡٹ֮ףŵҸλξٳеһֱΣǶξ٭Z˵ȴá
ξ٭Z᰽֮λⲻһЩɧΪξ٭Zᰲڳ߶ܶҲֻÿʱܼһΣξ٭Zֽ˵ȥʱԽԵŨˣǸһĿ޳ĸоЩĴǶٸеЩѹ
ξ٭ZҵԼλ֮󣬸ѾһҸ˸кˡ
ξٳе¿ξ٭Z᰽֮жٻЩοģʹֳ֪ТϷ˿żƭƭԼΪǰԼ׵ģҲǺܿĵġ
ϯͿʼˣλǼʵ۾֮Ϳʼ赸ˡƹѲλ󳼿ʼʵ۾׺ˡǵĺѾͱ¼ţȥֻһ嵥ѣÿͷϷֻ͸ʵ۵ѡ
ʵۿٹٵĺ֮󣬺ĸǴ;ƣʹÿһµٺ»֮ξӹһֱĻеһСıƽĽŴСȵĴɫ解һɫ֪ÿһŶǼֵƣϸһͭǮСĻɫʯξ٭Z֪ǣгһǽΪɫ߰ɫżдкɫʯ֣ǳʯͨ죬ڼκʣӲҲһͨʯӲһʯļֵ͹еȵĳǳء
ǣʵϲɫĿ
ֻξ岻Ųæ˵ʣ˽ɲֻ˰ѣıóʲֵܿɷӦγ
ξٳе˷ܵ˵׼׼
ǣ
ʣξ趯еıһɫ·ɣξӰڽӰ֮ԵôΰӢˣڳ޲Ȼ𾴣һˡξ٭ZֻϮˣξֻӱϵĹâÿһƶξ٭Zᰵ۾棬ξ轣һʮʽÿһʽƺǳξ٭Zȥģޱȣϴ˿˿ɱξ٭Zᰵıýġ
Ȼ֮亮ʧˣξҲջеĽ
ʣǶǰЩӽڳһưԵկɱկ¬ɻġ븸ʹĿξ˵žͽϡ
ξٳе´̫нӹЦ˵ýýǺýһǿξ˵á



ʮ ʵ۵3
ξ岢ûΪʵ۵ĻежϲɫصԼϯϡ·֮ʱĿбӣξ٭ZȴеεضסˣȻϻôƵ壬ǶͷһЩϸܵĺ顣կ¬壬ξ٭Z᰽ύĽϵ֮һȻû󣬵ξ٭Z᰿вܣ׼׳֮Ϊõġ
ξ٭ZûпξķֻǼΪԼһƣһе̴ľ׼ǰ
ξ֮ξٷվЦ˵˵ֹȻҵ֮¾ѷɫˣ˰ͬϣϲҵ̧
ͬҲǺ˳׵˳ξٷƵؿξ٭Zһۣξ٭ZȻ֪Ǻ˳ֵĽӷŵϣξٷǳǳһЦЦ
ξٷʱɫһаʱ̧һ첼ŵĶˣξٷչЦԻʵ˵ʵȶΪҿ첼
ξٷ˵ž첼ԣҿ֮һ޴ǧֹʯӦǼΪϡٵŪ˴һ鲻Բ˵ɷѿˡͨѩףȥе㣬ֵǡټǣֹĵʮ˵ãÿһֶ֮ǻ֡
ʣΪ񣬶ר̨ɽĵ¹ʦΪأԵģڳЩȵξٷЩ⣬һƵؿξ٭ZᰣȻ󿴼ξ٭ZϵֻСľУиǵˣ˵֪͸ʵʲôأǿɣ
ξ٭Zжξٷɵмһˣȴ¶ɫ˵ʵܹȻԸʾмѣ͵ֻһСѣʵܵʵڲȣǲڴǰչʾɣ
ξٷΪǵˣǸӵؽƣ˵ʵǹˣôôСأĪǲмһͬչ
⡭ξ٭Züͷ˼š
һԹսξһ۾Ϳξ٭ZᰣŴֵξٷˡ
ô㲻ҪôҵźòãξٷߴţȻʼʵ۳ʣ㿴ǲԸ⣬Ǿ˰ɡ
ʵۿξ٭ZΪѵӱ˵ˣξ٭Zʱ˵Ȼʵܼ֣Ǻðɣ
ξ٭Zߵξٷǧֹǰ棬˵븸úڲ͸ĵط
ʵ۳һ£ȥˡ
ξٷվξ٭ZᰵߣС˵Ұ͸ô£ѿĪôҶĶ
ģξ٭ZᰵĻ
ܿ죬ĵĴڵܲ͸⣬ξ٭Zᰴ̴ľУϹкȵȫȡʲôûˣֻǺȻĳоƱڵѵ
ξ٭ZСĵذ̴ľз£˼鷢ˡϵϹ⿪ʼξ٭Zᰵϣһʱ侹Էֱؾξ٭ZϵĹ⣬ξ٭ZϹӳ֮£ǻˣһֱŵһ˿޵ǳЦ˼㡣
ö֡վڼ֮ξٷǧֹȫȫӵˡ
ξٳеںڰضξ٭Zᰣ￴ȴǵǸӵ
˳һصеʱξ٭ZξٷԼĵ˵ɣģѾ˵ξٷعһ嶯ǰξ٭Zξٷһ˲ȥ
ƹأʱķѣϹҲʧ
ϧξ٭Z
ʱڴһȴϵĺɫ֮ڸӰؿˣΪҶһֻξ٭Zᰵ֡
ʲôξٳеҲЩˣŵЩѾڴ״̬ĴȫϹЩ۾״εĹŮҲȫѹˡ
û˸Ҷ
ڣξ٭Zᰶһ£סξٷĸ첲΢Ц˵ʵû°ɣԲ𣬶ҲСİѺҶźˣˣȫѣȻ˾Ͳˣ
һӾͱȫˣҲָߣе˳ξٷֻ¿ȻξٷĽűһ̴ľӣǸղξ٭ZװǸӡ
ξҲʼ˵ˣںڰﱻ˻ϰԵйĵطȥԲŲСƵɣʣ˵ҲǶʵܵģһ¶ʵǷ׷ˡ
ξ˵ͷξ٭Zһۺܿתȥˡ
ξ٭Zᰱξһۿһ䣬˵Ҫֵ̫ˣ
ţ˵ҲҶӲãʵܵ飬ǸʵٵҪɨ˴ҵˣʶһպܸߵĹ԰޺õġʾͲҪ׷ˣξ٭Z˵Ķţڳ޲߶ۡ
ξ٭Z᰼ϵ̴ľУϵƬһʰ
𣿡ʵתۿξٷ
ξٷһ˲䳢ֲͱܵζ״֮£Ҳֻ˵ԡԲ𣬾ģҲСģˣ
ߣˣˣҶҪˣûˣðɡѶӵȥźãҲðɣʵô˵ţɫҲλ󳼲µ˻ȥ
ξվλϻڽ״̬˵Ҵӱ߽ʱƣҶȺȿɣ
һϾƵ˾ͰѾˣ輧Ҳ¿ʼˣ»ԾȻǸ׿⡣
ξ٭ZʰϵĶ֮Ҳ˻ȥҸοĿξ٭Zᰣ˵ZĺðҪִ˾ͲˣղǹƵİɣ
ʦ̫ˣǱҵĺӰ˲ŻġˣʦҾһ
ŶãҸξ٭ZᰲԸ˵ȻҲͲˡ
¿ʼԺξٷ岻Ϊǰϯˡ˻һȾơξ٭Zһ˰ڽãֻǴΪԼеˣУܸоξѹš
һĪϧҲǱ䡣ڳĶһЩ׹ݵķС㣬мλĪϧй飬ڻʹ棬ξ٭Zһݾ㹻ҶԶ֮ˡ
ĪϧϵģŮһԷǳԲ˶ٵģĪϧҲų˺ٵһ㶫ܿͽˣʣµʱλС˾һȥ԰ˡĪϧֻܸһߣû˴߾ֻ޶ѡ
ξ٭ZһֱĴǿɱĪϧȺεš˲֮󣬾;ֶˡ
Īϧ˭Ҳע͸ɴһСͤ棬ȥˮĽʵſվһΪĪϧѷ磬ԷͻȻ
ȻʲôĪϧĺһ£Īϧ̾ѣŻĴȻڲԶļɽ濴ڸֵš
ޣĪϧһ»ûŵޡ
ģôޱʾ棬ΪΧûпξ٭ZᰵӰҲǹضʾǹȥ
Īϧվ޾עߵȥˡȵ˼ɽʱעһܣҲŲصɽȥˡ
ţʲô㲻ӦøZһμӻʵ۵𣿡ĪϧţΪʲôҪ˵
ǲҪҪǱ־ͲˣЩŮ˺ܷ˵ġָָ棬˵ֲʲôٵģֵطҲȥġϸҵ֮ûطȥˡ
㿪ʲôЦСμᣬô棡һ˵
ôУҺòײҵǵģҲĲ˵ЩŮûҪǲ˵ģİҴȥһĵطÿٱ
ĪϧЩһֱŵͻʫŮŪˣԼ㲻Ҳע⵽ȻӦˡ
˹뿪԰֮ƹ˺öССԺ䣬֮ڵˣZԷСZڻʹʱסֽŰĪϧǴ˭ZԷΧһδǽȥˡ
ĪϧһҲȥˡ



ʮ ʵ۵4
ιţ㵹Сһ㰡ҵʳŪˣ޻ûгԷأĪϧޣűԹ
޶˸˵ֲ
˭ô̰ҪôģҶˣҲĵĻ졣ղ·ʱоŷĪϧŵʳζԽöˡȻȻָʹȥС͵ˣ޻ûг緹
˺ˣôô㶫ͲҪԹˣĪϧЦŰοţ˵Ҹղŷǽʱ򣬷԰ֲôԶô·
һ𣿡ߵشУָűһصĴȫĪϧҪġΪԸ·ô߰Ȼֻû˵·ˣ
꣡ţС㣬㲻˵ñ֪ǵ𣿡
ŶŶסˣʵûô˵Ƕ˵ĻЩڻ
ĪϧһϷ˵Ҫô㲻ҪôСҷ㻹ͦģôŷȻ͵ôණǰ;
˵Ů˰Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡһɰӣһŴүʵξ٭Z˵δػ书Īϧ͵ԵģǺдⰡ
ˣﰡĪϧܣʹĸöడһ԰Сһ㡣
Zǰסĵط߰ɣȥ棬ʱǲ˹ġ±һѳԵģȥˡ
ĪϧԺϸϸȴľ˵ƣ˵ǵۿȥƣһָоĸоֻǴӵ塣
ŰĪϧ޴ξ٭ZᰵһμǸС֮УЩõʳȫ·źã˵Ǿ԰ɡ
羰úðһΪʹﶼЩΰĵطأ޿Χķ羰̾
ûƭɣǱ԰ÿٱɣŽסҸ㣬ҵһνķ羰ʱҲξ٭ZᰣǸʱһΪҼϵĽͯأ
İǸʱүôÿ𣿡ջؿ羰ߣͷЦʡ
һӾˣȻܿģԾ˵ܺÿأҲ֪ǼһĶħġ֪Գμ棬һС˶ôݵ鰡
ιĴιһ¡Īϧ˵žվߡ
㲻˵ûԱ𣿡źʡ
Ҳվ˵С㣬Ҫһȥ𣿡
ˣֲ·һͻûгԷȳ԰ɣţ㲻͵԰Īϧָ˵ž߳ȥˡ
ĪϧԺţԽ߸ղŵĸоԽǿңԺӵĽؾǸｨģΪ˱ⱻ˿Կüĵطȫһأ
Īϧߵ˷ι˼֮󣬷ȫǸɸɾģÿ춼ɨһʵ۲һôξ٭ZᰲŲûסôɾ
֪ߵһ档һ߽ȥĪϧ͸оŨĻıˣĪϧߵ˴ߣ̲סЬڴϱϥǣͷ˽ȥš֮徹̲סĪϧͷ̧Ǽį
ᣬȻһֱǰ飬СӰʲô㱯أĪϧ
ãٴˣҪǰװŪ˿ɾˡĪϧСĵ´֮°˵ıۺã߳˷䡣
ߵſڵʱ򿴵ţ޼ĪϧһֱͽѰġ
ǰʣôߵˣ
֪ž͵ˡĪϧֻͷһ䷿䣬˵䷿ҿ࣡
˵ʲôЩ⡣
ûʲô߰ɣҶˣĪϧЦЦˡ
ҲһǼ䷿֮׷ȥ˵䷿ǭZǰķ䣬ܾ䷿ζǳá
Zᰵķ䣿ĪϧЩȵؿţиоʲô𣿡
оûʲôоֱֻЩѡʵشš
Īϧ˼ؿţȻЦ룺ֱҲԣʲôնûеҸһܸоʲôأ
޸˭ZҲһ鰡һ˺Ȼ˵
ĪϧѵЩɰ˵ʲô˼ѵ˵Ҹξ٭Zᰴ˻֣
Ųأ˵ǻֻ˵ѣȢ֮Z᰾;üƭ˵֣ĺܷյӣȢһôֵŮˣֻڱ˵ˣԺZᰵӾ͸ӲùˡԹ˵ţȫûעĪϧɫ
㡭ĪϧҪʱּ˵
һǺܸлġ
Ϊʲô
ϲξ٭Zᰳüˡңҷ֭Zеˣýˡ
ѵξ٭ZᰲŶ
Ҳ֪֮ɣֱôΪġ
ʲôһˣҲҪٸ̵ˣ˵ȥҲɰ׳յġ߰ɣȥԶһ˵żˣ˵㰡ȻϲΪʲôֱӸ˵
˭˵ϲģִ˵ȻȻͺߵ˵鷳
ˣԭô򵥾ͷϲȻ˰ɣϧһܿǵģȻˣ
ι㲻Ҫ˵ҿһζûгϹϲ
ǣˣιޣһˣ
˵ûвҪ˵
˭ҲʶġǲҪһ׼Щ
˵ʲôС㣿
ƾʲôҳ԰͵ģұģӦûǵķݵģ
ôôԵģܿ
Zᰣô𣿡Īϧļȣˡ
̫ˣʹһ̳Ƴû¾Ʋˣáξ٭Z˵ž͸Ϸһӱȡһ̳ơ
ţܺãţȥ͵ЩƱĪϧ
ΪʲôҰŴš
û취ˣޣǲʶֱ֮ˣ
ȥȥ˰ɣû취վ
͵ЩԵĹĲ
㹻˰ɣ
ޣ
֪ˣǵģħŮˣ
ţһĵ׼סĺõģ
һԲľߡ
ʣµ˶̲סӴЦ
ܿžͻˣ˳ֶǣ̳ƻ˾֣ﾡĺȾƳ⣬ſ̡
Ա֮ĪϧΪ˯߲ڵ˯ˣȻӦҲӱ˯ˡֻξ٭Zһš
ڴ֮ԽԵĵξ٭Z᰺Ȼ뵽Īϧǰģһ˾ôȥˣǽƺУԽĪϧԽʱˣǾǰϯˡһȥ԰֮ĴûҵĪϧǾһ˵ZԷȴû뵽ֵ֮ȴֹ⾰
˵ʵЩᣬ·ǿԼĸоЩģΪԼЩߵĹϵɡ



ʮ ʵ۵5
ξ٭Z᰻ںȾƣԼҲоԼı仯ֻͨʶǿģܸоĴˡ
ԼҪȥ飬ĿǰΪֹΨһɣǼʹҲ˵ĿյҪʱδܻҪȺܳһʱ䣬ʱ֮ԼЩʲôأһȥһΣ˷Լȥϲʲô仯أ᲻ֺȤأ
˭֪أξ٭Zеغһƣߵ˴£һĵطű۾˯ˡ
ZᰣȻĪϧξ٭Z۾֮ȴĪϧֻ˵λξ٭Zϸţ֪ĪϧҪԼ˵ʲôĪϧ˸˵׳գ
ξ٭ZһȲˤ˵ϡŮˣʲôΰξ٭Z᰷߷ߵؿĪϧֲݸ±˫ۣ˯ˡ
ǲԵһȺˣôĵطȻôġξ٭Zᰣ֪ԽϲԽʹࡣξ߹ZԷ֮⡣
һξٷķξٷڷйһԼĶһսĹŮ̫ࡣ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񣬿ɶ񣡡ŶƹѵξٷšˣξٷɥߣĿѣ̧ۿһ¹ڵϵЩˣŭ֣Ƕȥȫȥ
ǣһȫΡΡŶһŮȹˣˤ˵ϣϵմƬȣѪӿ
˵ȥ𣿡ξٷݺݵصĹŮ
үūͳȥĹŮѾվֻǰ
ˣ̧ȥɣξٷȻ˵Ů̻źξٷȡԼĽޣʼݺݵر޴Ů
үүŮޱȡֻװ˭Ҳʱȥ
ŮѾвˣۿҪɥµʱξξٷеıӡ
ˣҪ˳ξ彫˵ǰ̧ȥҽΣκ֮޹ȥ
ǣ˰ѹŮ̧ȥ֮ξصξٷ
壬磡ξٷЩµĳԲֻ̫̫ˣ̲ס͡
ⲻɱ˵ɣξ޸˵ǲҸ˵ãҪȥξ٭Zᰣ㲻Ķ֣
ɣûƵξ٭Z߸ҵģ
վﲻ㣡ξѱӻξٷúѧһԼƢٸ˵һΣҪξ٭ZᰣˣҸûȥʻ㱨ˣҹġ
ξ˵תȥˡξٷξ٭Zᰵĺˣʵֲڹ֣ǽ׼ƥһɢˡ
ξص˴֮㱨֮󣬼ԼδĽɫ
ʱ򣬱߹ǰʹҲˣ׷˸ĺ񣬻ʵۺܸ˵شһдѹıЩС֮סξٳе»壬ǰڵʱѹվǰʵһߵģξٳе³˲ٿͷξٳе½ʱСģսѹսܣ潫ԼĶӣΪĺƽǲ֮ĳ飬սٴαѵĴս˲Σս󲻾òϹȥԺʣµĸӣƽӹƹܹңΪסھǣףѧϰ֮СһûʲôҰĵˣҲʮУѹҲÿ£ĵЩСҲʼԴѹˡ
ӣξʵǺܸȤģֻĳЩϲܼƽʱӼ֮мû˴ڵļʵ۵ٳһǱȱϯģҲͬûвμֻѡҾ˵ÿδʹǰҪȥݷ֮⡣ξҲֻѣ̫Զܿòż˵˵òξ٭Z֮ϣûκϢˣ⼸ȥ˱߹֮Ҳûټˣӳȴ̡
ξȤǣȻûʲôݣʶܸоξ٭ZЩôӣʼûǶ˽֤ݣҲͲ֮ˡʹ֮ξʶû˵ξ٭ZᰵλһۣȻջߣʹǴ򽻵
ͷƫʵٵֵʱҪʼˡʵ۵ٵһΪ֣ʱɻʵڴȺ׹еŮɻʺչں󹬣ʺʮǰž֮Ϊϵʱ򣬻ʹֵģǻ׹ݣִҲ԰ԼļҾʹﵽǳϷˣˣȻҲߺͲٵˣзŻʵ۳ٺ͹̩񰲵ˣлкܶԵİڷڸȺۼĵطϴҿԲϸµķȽڣԺúһˡ
ڣξ٭Z᰻ֻСƬ̾ѹˣ˻˯ǾͱԼƿźˮʱˣͰǽˡ
޵һѹξ٭Z᰾úܲ˼ԼȻ˯ôҪүԼͻŻŵذĪϧҡˡ
ĪϧѺ󣬾޴ȥϴȥˡϴ˳Ż˯ţʣΪʲôŽأ
ξ٭Z᰿һ˵ùʱԼѵġҪʼˣȥɣξ٭Z˵ţԼȥû
Īϧֵؿһξ٭Zᰣʣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ҴûȥǺȥξ٭ZЦĺͣǿĪϧЩɢЩʲô
Īϧξ٭Zᰣɷ˵ĸ첲˵ΪûȥҪȥһȥ
ξ٭ZᰳԾؿĪϧסԼ֣ĪЩΣȻǰΪǰϷĪϧԼĸ첲ǽžԼЩĻš
ȥǣôű˿Ŷξ٭ZɵĪϧ֣Īϧš
е㲻ĵؿţĪϧ˵Ҫ᲻þչˣһ˿չԼġ
˭ֻǺΪʲôһô˯ѡ޶˵׷ĪϧҲˡ
콥ˣһ˯ڭZԷ˹
ף˯죡ҲȥɣϵҲûôأÿμʵ֮ȥҭZˣûкúأվȺۼĵطȥˡϰˣѾûиоˣļһ
ѭ԰ķȥһ⸽ġȻǻʵ۵磬ˣкܶ඼ģһȦһȺۼĵطξ٭Z᰺Īϧ
ξ٭ZʲôʱôˣҲǲҸߵ̫𣿡Ż˹ȥ

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